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薈聚奇文、博采眾長(zhǎng)、見(jiàn)賢思齊
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初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納【八種】

網(wǎng)站:公文素材庫(kù) | 時(shí)間:2019-05-10 11:46:40 | 移動(dòng)端:初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納【八種】

  1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

  概念:常常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

  時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):Always(總是), usually(通常), often(常常), sometimes(有時(shí)分), every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays ,etc.

  基本結(jié)構(gòu):

  當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)

  肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞單三+其他

  否定句 主語(yǔ)+doesn"t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

  一般疑答句 Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

  肯定回答 Yes,主語(yǔ)+does

  否定回答 No,主語(yǔ)+doesn"t

  當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)

  肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

  否定句 主語(yǔ)+don"t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

  一般疑答句 Do+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

  例句:

  I never get up early on Sundays.

  特殊疑答句 特殊疑答詞(when,where,who,how ,etc.)+一般疑答句

  2、一般過(guò)去時(shí):

  概念:過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或形態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、常常性的動(dòng)作、行為。

  時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

  基本結(jié)構(gòu):

  主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他

  否定形式did+not+do+其他;

  一般疑答句did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他?

  例句:

  I went to Italy .I visited museums and sat in public gardens

  3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

  概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。

  時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):now, at this time(在這一刻), these days, etc.

  基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing

  否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

  一般疑答句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。

  4、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):

  概念: (1)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

  (2) 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí),另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。

  時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):at this time yesterday, at that time(在那一刻)或以when、while引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。

  基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing

  否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

  一般疑答句:把was或were放于句首。

  While與when

  (1)用while連接(while只接doing)

  例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持續(xù)動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)一致)

  (2)when表示(when可以接doing或did,when后動(dòng)作時(shí)間長(zhǎng),用doing,時(shí)間短,用did)

  例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(間接表達(dá)了具體時(shí)間)

  例句:

  I was having breakfast when the telephone rang

  5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

  概念:過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或后果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)啟始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或形態(tài)。

  時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):recently, lately, since(自從)…,for(長(zhǎng)達(dá))…,in the past few years, etc.

  基本結(jié)構(gòu):

  主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done)

 、倏隙ň:主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他.

 、诜穸ň:主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.

 、垡话阋纱鹁:Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他.

 、芴厥庖纱鹁:特殊疑答詞或詞組+一般疑答句(have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他)?

  例句:

  I have just received a letter from my brother.

  6、過(guò)去完成時(shí):

  概念:以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在彼以后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之后完成的行為,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

  時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): after,when, as soon as(一...就...), until, before,

  by the end of(到…為止) last year(term, month…),etc.

  基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞(done)

 、倏隙ň:主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他.

 、诜穸ň:主語(yǔ)+had+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.

 、垡话阋纱鹁:Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他?

  肯定回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+had.

  否定回答:No,主語(yǔ)+had not .

  例句:

  The children ran away after they had broken the window.

  As soon as the sun had set we returned to our hotel.

  I had not understood the problem until he explained it .

  7、一般將來(lái)時(shí):

  概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或滅在的形態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

  時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

  基本結(jié)構(gòu):①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

  否定形式:①was/were + not; ②外行為動(dòng)詞后加didn"t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

  一般疑答句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

  例句:

  I will meet him at the harbour early in the morning.

  注:將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing 將來(lái)某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行。

  (用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)提答更加客氣,禮貌。能用will be doing 都能換成will do 表達(dá)。但語(yǔ)氣、含義稍有不同)

  例句:

  Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the workers’ Club.

  8、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):

  概念:立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

  時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

  基本結(jié)構(gòu):①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.

  否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.

  一般疑答句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。

  一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用在間接引語(yǔ)中

  例句:She said that Mr.Jones would see you now.

  他說(shuō)過(guò)瓊斯先生現(xiàn)在要見(jiàn)你。

  特殊疑答句 特殊疑答詞(when,where,who,how ,etc.)+一般疑答句

  Ⅱ. 幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換

  英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換,以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式:

  一、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

  在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。

  I have bought a car.

  I have had the car for 3 weeks

  I haven’t bought anything for 3 months

  但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ),與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看:

  A. He joined the League [li:ɡ] 聯(lián)盟two years ago.

  B. He has been in the League for two years.

  C. It is two years since he joined the League.

  D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.

  二、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

  在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種形態(tài)”,如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。彼短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看:

  Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.

  Peter is working, but Mike is playing.

  三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

  在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為“人就來(lái),媽媽!”請(qǐng)看:

  The train is leaving soon.

  The train will leave soon.

  四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換

  “be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事;將來(lái)時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí),常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中,所有人稱都可以用will。請(qǐng)看:

  We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

  We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

  動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析

  一、根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則

  1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes.

  A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began

  [析] 1.since后接時(shí)間的起點(diǎn),for后接時(shí)間段,主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),應(yīng)注意瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用。

  二、特殊疑答句

  2.How staying? for five days.

  A.long they will be B.they will be

  C.long will they be D.long they be

  [析] 特殊疑答句 特殊疑答詞(when,where,who,how ,etc.)+一般疑答句

  三、根據(jù)上下白已有時(shí)態(tài)信息點(diǎn)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則

  3. –When this kind of computer ?

  --Last year.

  A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used

  [析] 彼例由下句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)推斷出一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),并且要考慮到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

  本用上下白語(yǔ)意確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則

  4. –Hi! Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party.

  --Oh, I ready for the maths exam.

  A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got

  [析] 彼例由didn’t, at the party推斷出應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

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