高中英語語法知識之It的用法總結

高考英語語法知識之It的用法總結

1．Itis+被強調部分+that...該句型是強調句型。將被強調的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被強調部分可以是主語，賓語，狀語。強調的主語如果是人，that可以由who換用。

如果把這種句型結構劃掉后，應該是一個完整無缺的句子。這也是判斷強調句型與其它從句的方法。Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.

2．Itwasnotuntil+被強調部分+that...

該句型也是強調句型。主要用于強凋時間狀語，譯成漢語＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以說是not...until...的強調形式。

ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.

3．Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....)that.....

該句型中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句，常譯為＂清楚（顯然，真的，肯定．．．）＂是主語從句最常見的一種結構。

Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.

4.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural...)that...

由于主句中的形容詞不同，that后的從句中要用虛擬語氣（should+動詞原形），should可以省去。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.

5.Itissaid(reported,learned....)that...

該句型中的it仍是形式主語，真正主語是that引導的主語從句。該結構常譯為＂據說（據報道，據悉．．．）＂。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.6.Itissuggested(ordered...)that...

主句中的過去分詞是表示請求，建議，命令等詞時，that后的從句要用虛擬語氣（should+動詞原形），should可以省。常譯為＂據建議；有命令．．Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.

Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.7.Itisapity(ashame...)that...該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣（should+動詞原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常譯為＂竟然＂。沒有這種意義時，則不用虛擬語氣。

Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapitythatheisill.8.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that...

該句型中that后的從句應該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是①常用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬．②有時也用should+動詞原形，should不能省。常譯為＂是（正是）．．．的時侯．．．＂。Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.9.Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...

該句型中的that從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態(tài)。至于用什么完成時態(tài)，由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。如果是一般現在時，后面從句用現在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。該結構中that可以省去；it有時用this/that替換．常譯為＂這是某人第幾次做某事了＂。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.10Itisthe+形容詞最高級+名詞+that+…..

該句型中的that從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態(tài)。至于用什么完成時態(tài)，由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。如果是一般現在時，后面從句用現在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。該結構中that可以省去；it有時用this/that替換．常譯為＂這是某人做過的最…的事情＂。

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thatwastheworstsongthathehadheard.11.Itis....since...該句型主要用作處理瞬間動詞的完成時，又要和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用的問題。主句中是時間作表語，其時態(tài)是現在時或完成時，since引導的從句通常是一般過去時態(tài)，而且是瞬間動詞。如果主句是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。

Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied.12.Itis...when...

該句型中的when引導的是一個時間狀語從句，主句中的it指時間，表語由具體的時間充當。常譯為＂當．．．的時候，是．．．＂。Itwas5o’clockwhenhecamehere.

比較：Therewasatimewhen+定語從句（曾經一度….；有一個時期…）TherewasatimewhenIraqwasoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.

TherewasatimewhenIwasdisappointedandwantedtoleavehere.13.Itbe...before...

該句型主句中的it指時間,主句中的時態(tài)常是將來一般時或過去時兩種時態(tài)．主句中的表語多是long,notlong,3days,2weeks等表示時間段的詞或短語。常譯為＂．．．之后．．．＂。

Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob.14.Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that...

該句型中it是形式主語，that引導的是主語從句，主句中的happen,seem等詞是不及物動詞．Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧．．Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看來．．．

15.Itlooks(seems)asif...

該句型中it無意義。asif引導一個狀語從句。常譯為，＂看起來好象．．．＂如果與事實不相符合，則用虛擬語氣．

Itlooksasifheisill.Itlooksasifhewereill.Itseemedasifheweredying.

16.Ittakes/costssb....todosth.

該句型中的不定式是真正的主語，it是形式主語，句型中的直接賓語是時間。常譯為＂做．．．要花費某人．．．＂。IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.

注意：當主語和表語都是不定式時，不能用it作形式主語代替動詞不定式。Toseeistobelieve.Torespectothersistoberespected.

17.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.

該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。常見的有：bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good（好心的）,honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice（有教養(yǎng)的）,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong（錯誤的）等。這個句型可以改寫為：sb.iskindtodosth.

Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.

18.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.

如果不定式的邏輯主語是由for引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。常見的形容詞有：①important,necessary,natural②easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等。在①中的形容詞作表語可以用從句改寫，

Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty19.Itisnogood/use/fundoingsth.

Itisagreatpleasure/awasteoftime/aboredoingsth.Itisuseless/nice/gooddoingsth.

該句型中的真正主語是動名詞或動名詞短語，主句中的表語可以是名詞或形容詞。ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.Itisuselesscryingoverspiltmilk.

20.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether(if)...

該句型中whether(if)引導的從句是真正主語，該句型常譯為＂不論（是否）．．．沒關系．．．。Itdoesn’tmatteriftheyareold.21.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.

該句型中的it作形式賓語。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為"6123結構"。

6：指主句中常用的動詞：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel(另外表示人的心理狀態(tài)的動詞還有：like,love,hate,appreciate,don’tmind,dependon等)1：指的是形式賓語it；

2：指的是賓補的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞；

3：指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動名詞短語或that引導的賓語從句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.

Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.I’dappreciateitifyouwouldhelpme.Ilikeitwhenitrainsinspring.

擴展閱讀：高中英語語法知識復習-It的用法講解及練習60多題

It的用法

It的用法在高考中也是重現率較高的語言點，尤其是it用于強調句。其考查方式多通過“單項填空”進行，偶爾也出現在“短文改錯”和“完形填空”中。

1．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently___Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty．A．untilB．thatC．thenD．so

正確答案：B此題考查強調句，所以用that。2．Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．A．itB．thatC．theseD．them

正確答案：A此題考查it作形式賓語的用法，所以選A。

3．(短文改錯)DavidandIdidnotagreeandDavidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtitwouldprobablyleadtoavillage．

正確答案：去掉it，因為定語從句中已有賓語which。

一、要點點拔

1．代替上文中提到過的人或事物。指代人時，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1)－Whoisthebaby?－Itsmyteachersson．2)－Whoisthatgentleman?

－It"smyfriendTom．He(不可用It)wantstoseeyou．2．用于表達天氣、環(huán)境、時間、距離、季節(jié)等。例如：

1)Itshalfanhourswalkfromheretoourschool．2)Itsniceandwarmhere．

3)Butit"stwoo"clocknow,andit"stimeforustogotoschool．

3．用作形式主語.it沒有具體意義，而只是幫助把真正的主語移至句子后尾，使句子顯得平穩(wěn)一些，能借it給移至句子后尾的主語有三種：一種由不定式表示，一種由動名詞表示，一種由從句表示。

1).It替代真正的主語動詞不定式短語.Itiseasiertosaythantodo.Itisagoodacttohelptheothers.

2).it替代真正的主語動名詞短語,以動名詞短語做主語的句子，主要在以nogood,nouse,noharm,dangerous,foolish等詞作表語的句中.Itsnoharmdrinkingrunningwaterinthatarea。Itsfoolishtalkinglikethat.

3).it替代從句作主語，用從句做主語的帶it的句子很多,常見的有下面幾類：①Itisapity(ashame,afact,awonder,agoodthing,etc.)that…

Itisashamethathedidntpasstheexam.

②Itisstrange(surprising,obvious,true,good,possible,clear,etc.)that…。Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.③Itseems(happened,turnedout,etc.)that…Itseemedthatthingswerenotastheyexpected.

④Itissaid(decided,expected,etc)that…Itissaidthattheticketshavebeensoldout.

4.用作形式賓語。

當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式,－ing短語或從句往往用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語移至句末,句子重心后移。

1)WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwellinsuchashorttime．2)Wethinkitnousecryingoverspiltmilk．

3)Wemadeitclearwhenandwhereweweregoingtohavethemeeting．

5．用于強調句型，即“Itis/was＋被強調部分＋that/who/whom+其它”句型之中。使用該句型有以下幾點請注意：

①強調句的謂語is或was永遠用單數.ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet．

②不管被強調部分是哪種狀語，只能用that連接，不得使用where、when等連詞.ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourfatheryesterday．

③被強調部分為人時，可用who(主格或賓格)和whom(賓格)代替that，用that也行。

1)Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday．2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday．④強調句中也要注意主謂一致、人稱一致和否定轉移的問題。

1)Itistheywhoareourfriends．

2)Itwasnotuntilteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight．

⑤注意不要混淆強調句和其他從句。Itiswas…that…為強調句標志，去掉后仍可組成一個完整的句子，只是沒被強調,而其他從句一般不具備這一特征。比較：

1)Itwasteno"clockwhenwegothomelastnight．我們昨晚到家時已十點了。2)Itwasatteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight．我們昨晚是在十點到家的。

第一句不是強調句，when不可改為that,因為去掉itwas和that后，只能組成“Wegothometeno"clocklastnight．”這樣一個不完整的句子；第二句是強調句，that不可改為when．

二、常用句型及考點

I.形式主語型

1.Itisclear(obvious，true，possible，certain…)that…

2.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural…)that…

掌握本句型，應該記住所列舉的形容詞，并且記住that后的從句應用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原形)，should可以省去。3.Itisnogood(use)doingsth．

4.Itisapity(ashame…)that…

本句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣(should十動詞原形)，should可以省去。表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒有這種意義時，則不用虛擬語氣。5.Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that…本句型中that后的從句應該用虛擬語氣。6.Itisthefirst(second…)timethat…

7.Itissaid(reported，learned…．)that…8.Itissuggested(ordered…)that…

本句型中的過去分詞應該是表示請求、建議、命令等的詞，that后的從句要用虛擬語氣(should十動詞原形)，should可以省略。常譯為“據建議；有命令……”。9.Ithappens(seems，appears)that…10.Ittakessb…todosth．11.Itdoesntmatterwhether…12.Itiskind(ofsb)todosth．

本句型中的不定式如果需要邏輯主語，則須要前置介詞of，而句型中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞，常見的有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty,polite，rude，silly,stupid，wise，wrong等。13.Itisnecessary(forsb)todosth．14.Itis(just)likesbtodosth．

本句型為“某人(恰恰)是……樣子”。用來表示贊揚或不滿，若用否定式，則表示懷疑。例：It"slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers．他就是這樣的一個人，把工作推給別人。15.Itisuptosbtodosth．本句型表示“誼由某人做……”。II．強調句型

Itis+被強調部分+that/who…

本句型中被強調部分可以是主語、賓語或狀語。強調的主語如果是人，that可以由who換用。III．其他句型

1.Itis…since…

本句型主句中用時間作表語，一般用現在時或完成時，since引導的從句常用瞬間動詞的一般過去時態(tài)。主句如用一般過去時，則從句用過去完成時。

2.Itis…when…

本句型中的when引導的是一個時間狀語從句，主句中的it指時間，表語由具體的時間充當。3.Itlooks(seems)asif．．．本句型中的asif引導一個狀語從句，常譯為“看起來好像……”。如果與事實不相符合，則用虛擬語氣．

例1Itlooksasifheisill(真的病了).

例2Itlooksasifhewereill(沒有生病).

Exercises:

一．單項選擇

1.Itwasatthegate____hetoldmethenews.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when2.Is____necessarytotellhisfathereverythingA.itB.thatC.whatD.he3.Wasitinthispalace____thelastemperordied?

A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which4.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it5.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then

6.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he

7.Idon"tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it

8.Does____matterifhecan"tfinishthejobontime?

A.thisB.thatC.heD.it

9.Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____,Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then10.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it

11.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

12.Is________possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?

A．nowB．manC．thatD．it13．Ourfoodandservicearebetterthan________usedtobe.A．itB．weC．theyD．them14．________appearstome________thereportmustbetruth.A．That;itB．It;thatC．It;itD．That;that15．Hefeels________dutytohelpothers.

A．thatheB．thathisC．itheD．ithis

16．Take________easy.Theroadsareicy.

A．itB．themC．usD．you

17．TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthan________inJapan.A．thatB．thoseC．themD．It18．Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulostyesterday?

Yes,I"vefound________already.

A．itB．thatC．theoneD．thatone19.I"mlookingforaflat.

Wouldyoulike____with____garden?

A．it;theB．it;aC．one;aD．one;the

20．________was________whoImetinthemuseumthismorning.A．It;himB．It;heC．That;heD.That;him

21．Itwasinthericefields________wehadourLeaguemeeting.A．whereB．thatC．inwhichD．onwhich22．________youcometothepartysolate?A．WhyisitB．Whyitis

C．WhyitisthatD．Whyisitthat

23．WereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccidentNo,___onlythetwopassengers___gothurt．

A．theywere;thatB．therewas;that

C．itwas;whoD．thereare;who

24．Idon"tthink________possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A．thisB．thatC．itsD．it

25．Itwasnot________shetookoffherglasses________Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar．A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then26.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.

A．whileB．whichC．thatD．since

27．________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．It

28．Itwasabout600yearsago________thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A．thatB．untilC．beforeD．when

29．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A．untilB．thatC．thenD．So30．Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

A．itB．thatC．theseD．them

31．Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?Didn"twejusthave________?A．itB．thatC．oneD．this32.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied？

A．thatB．WhileC．inwhichD．Then33.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship？A．nowB．thatC．itD．Man

34.Idon"tthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork．A．ThisB．thatC．itsD．It

35.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage．

A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．It

36.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithfaceandanhourhandwasmade．A．thatB．untilC．beforeD．when

37.____computersplaysuchanimportantpartinourdailylife?A．WhyitisthatB．WhyisitthatC．WhywasitthatD．Whyisit

38.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then

39.Is____necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?A.everyoneB.thisC.herD.it40.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?

A.nowB.thatC.itD.man

41.Idontthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.

A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it

42.Sheheardofaterriblenoise,___broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that

43.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he44.Does____matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it

45.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it

46.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it

47.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

48.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one

49.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when50.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

A.itB.thatC.theseD.them

51.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so

52.Itistheabilitytodothejob____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it53.It____youthat____toblame.

A.is;isB.is;areC.are;areD.are;is54.Was_____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?

A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou55.____electricityplayssuchanimportantpartinourlife?

A.WhyisitthatB.WhyisitC.WhyitisthatD.Whyisthat56.Itwas____hesaid_____disappointedme.

A.what;whatB.that;thatC.what;thatD.that;what

57.Itwasinthelab___wastakenchargeofbyProfessorHarris___theydidtheexperiment.A.which;thatB.that;whatC.whom;thatD.which;where

58.ManypeoplenowmakearuletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.A.themselvesB.itC.thatD.this59.Someoneisatthedoor,whois?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he60.Itisrainingcatsanddogs..

A.SoitisB.SoisitC.NeitheritisD.Neitherisit

二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。

1.①_____iswellknowtousallthattheearthisround.②____iswellknowntousall,theearthisround.

A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.Which

2.①_____doesn’tmattermuchwhetherhe’llcometotheparty.②Ifeel____anhonourtobeinvitedtospeakhere.A.thisB.itC.thatD.what3.①___nowonderthathehaspassedtheexam.②___noneedforyoutowaithere.A.TherebeingB.Itwas

C.ItisD.Thereis

4.①Wasitthehouse____AbrahamLincolnwasborn?②Wasitinthehouse____AbrahamLincolnwasborn?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.bothAandB

5.①It’sverykind____youtohelpus.②It’sveryimportant_____youtokeepthebalanceofnature.

A.forB.ofC.toDwith.6.①Itisnogood____suchathing.②It’sofnoimportance_____suchathing.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done7.①It"stimethatwe____toschool.

②Itisthesecondtimethatwe_____toBeijing.A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.havegone8.①It"stomorrow____heisgoingtoBeijing.

②Itwas8o"clock_____hewenttoschool.

A.thatB.whenC.beforeD.since9.①Itis3years____hejoinedthearmy.

②Itwillbe3years____wemeetagain.

A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when

答案：

一．單項選擇

1-30ABADACDDBDDDCBDABACABDADBCDABA31-60CACDDABADCDBCDDBDDAABBBAACABCA二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。

21.CB22.BB23.CD24.BA25.BA26.CB27.BC28.AB29.CA

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