201*高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié):代詞
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三、代詞
I.代詞可以分為以下八大類(lèi)主格賓格1人稱(chēng)代詞形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞234567類(lèi)別反身代詞指示代詞疑問(wèn)代詞關(guān)系代詞/連接代詞不定代詞相互代詞區(qū)別I,you,he,she,it,we,you,theyme,you,him,her,it,us,you,themmy,your,his,her,its,our,theirmine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirsmyself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselvesthis,that,these,those,such,somewho,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whateverthat,which,who,whom,whose,asone/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittleother/another,all/both,neither/eithereachother,oneanother例句①We’vebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaven’tfound___welikeyet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.them②Carsdocauseussomehealthproblemsinfactfarmoreserious_______thanmobilephonesdo.A.oneB.onesC.itD.thoseYourcoffeesmellsgreat!It’sfromMexico.Wouldyoulike________?A.itB.someC.thisD.1ittle①I(mǎi)havereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.②WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?________wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.EitherThereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow?No,I’dratherbuyinthebookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;itII.不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)one可以泛指人或者事(東西),其復(fù)數(shù)為onesone,some,any和itsome可用于疑問(wèn)句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù),或者表示建議,請(qǐng)求等some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),some表示某個(gè),any表示任何一個(gè)one指同類(lèi)中的一個(gè),it指代同一種類(lèi)的東西。此外it還可以作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)和用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中。版權(quán)所有@高考資源網(wǎng)高考資源網(wǎng)(ks5u.com)您身邊的高考專(zhuān)家
some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句①There’s________cookingoilinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecornerstoreandget________.A.1ittle,someB.1ittle,anyC.alittle,someD.alittle,any②Wehadthreesetsofgardentoolsandweseemedtohavenousefor________.A.noneB.eitherC.anyD.each③Hedoesn’thave_________furnitureinhisroom--justanolddesk.A.anyB.manyC.someD.mucheach和everyeach強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別,代表的數(shù)①Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary.Each(ofus)hasadictionary.=Weeachhavea可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上,而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,所指dictionary.的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)②Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.以上no等于notany,作定語(yǔ)。none作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),代替①Thereisnowaterinthebottle.none和no不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單②Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.數(shù),代替可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)③Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以other泛指“另外的,別的”常與其他詞連用,如:theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指兩者中的另外一個(gè),復(fù)數(shù)為theothersanother指“又一個(gè),另一個(gè)”無(wú)所指,復(fù)數(shù)形式是others,泛指“別的人或事”other和another①Bothsideshaveaccusedofbreakingthecontract.A.anotherB.theotherC.neitherD.each②Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.①Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun,solet’shave______onethismonth.A.theotherB.someC.a(chǎn)notherD.other②Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.③Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.版權(quán)所有@高考資源網(wǎng)高考資源網(wǎng)(ks5u.com)您身邊的高考專(zhuān)家
either和neither①Doyouwantteaorcoffee?______,Ireallydon"tmind.A.noneB.neitherC.either
前者意思為:兩者都(兩D.all者中任何一方都);②ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,in后者意思為:兩者都which_____oftheparentsspokethelanguage.A.noneB.neitherC.bothD.each
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擴(kuò)展閱讀:201*高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié):定語(yǔ)從句
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十二、定語(yǔ)從句
I.定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用,在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用,二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞先行詞人從句成分主語(yǔ)例句Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIwhom人賓語(yǔ)amworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsarewhose關(guān)系代詞that人或物主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)人或物定語(yǔ)abouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwaswhich物主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)worth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyas人或物主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)allofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用onwhichas做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略whom,which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí),?梢允÷,但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用that備注who關(guān)系副詞where地點(diǎn)可用inwhichwhy原因可用forwhichII.that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別
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情況用法說(shuō)明1.先行詞為例句all,everything,1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代詞時(shí)2.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修只用that的情況飾時(shí)3.先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí),為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人2.在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。3.先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時(shí)多用who。1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情況III.as、which和that的區(qū)別從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句中例句Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.名詞前有such和thesame修飾Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’t時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichunderstand.as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如,象”的含義,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后,并無(wú)“正如”的意思。thesame...as指同類(lèi)事物thesame...that指原物Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.(同類(lèi)工具,不是同一把)That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用過(guò)的工具。區(qū)別非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中thesame...as和thesame...that注意:theway做先行詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句可由that,inwhich引導(dǎo)或不用引導(dǎo)詞。IV.定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句(句型)的區(qū)別
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類(lèi)別區(qū)別例句①M(fèi)rLihasthreedaughters,noneof_____isan定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的主要區(qū)engineer.定語(yǔ)從句別在于:并列句有像and,but,②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_____isa與so等并列連詞或兩個(gè)句子用dancer.并列句分號(hào)連接,這時(shí)就不能再用引從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,①小題是定語(yǔ)從句,故填whom;導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞了。②小題有并列連詞but,是并列句,故填代詞them。Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.定語(yǔ)從句的前面有名詞作先行詞,而狀語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有先行詞。這是幾年前我們居住的地方。(定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為theplace)Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下課的時(shí)間嗎?(定語(yǔ)從句)Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.當(dāng)下課時(shí)己經(jīng)是5點(diǎn)了。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)hisfatheronceworked.這就是他的父親曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的那個(gè)工廠。(定語(yǔ)從句)Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把書(shū)放回原處。(狀語(yǔ)從句)Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書(shū)。(as用作動(dòng)詞like的賓語(yǔ),它引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句)Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.它是一本如此有趣的書(shū),我們大家都喜歡它。(that不充當(dāng)句子成分,故它引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.她考試及格的消息使她父母親很高興。(同位語(yǔ)從句)此句中的同位語(yǔ)從句Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexam可以改寫(xiě)成表語(yǔ)從句:Thenewsisthathepassedtheexam.Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。(定語(yǔ)從句)Thenewsthathetoldus是定語(yǔ)從句,此句不能改定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明名詞,只能放在先行詞的后面,而狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況,并且可以放在主句的前定語(yǔ)從句面。與狀語(yǔ)從句When,where和why在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換,在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不行。定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)某種句子成分,因此去掉它則從句成分不完整;而結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分,去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞,對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描定語(yǔ)從句述或限制的作用,與先行詞之與間有從屬關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)的作用同位語(yǔ)從相當(dāng)于名詞,對(duì)前面的名詞給句予補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)乔懊婷~的具體內(nèi)容,與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系。版權(quán)所有@高考資源網(wǎng)高考資源網(wǎng)(ks5u.com)您身邊的高考專(zhuān)家
寫(xiě)為:Thenewsisthathetoldus.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語(yǔ)以外定語(yǔ)從句的任何成分,當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是與人時(shí),還可用who代替that。強(qiáng)調(diào)句這一句型中,一定不能因?yàn)楸粡?qiáng)調(diào)部分是表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞就用when或where代替that。①I(mǎi)tisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetLiangWeiattheairport.②Itisthefactory_____MrWangworks.從結(jié)構(gòu)上看:①小題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,故填that。②小題則是定語(yǔ)從句,用上述方法轉(zhuǎn)換便知thefactory前差個(gè)介詞in,故填where。
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