高一英語定語從句總結
TheAttributiveClause
一、定義從句概念
在主從復合句中,修飾主句某一名詞或代詞,作定語的從句,叫做定語從句。Eg.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.在這個句子中,everything是,that是。總結:先行詞一般是或,定語從句中必須要有連接主從句,在定語從句中作成分,但當其作賓語時,可以省略。關系詞分為和,關系詞有三個作用:連接作用;在定語從句中作成分;替代先行詞。
二、關系代詞引導的定語從句
常見的關系代詞有:who,whom,which,that,whose1.TheboybrokethewindowisTom.Ilikethegirlstudiesveryhard.2.ThegirlwesawisLily.
HewastheteacherIaskedforhelp.ThepersonyoutalkedtoisMr.Li.ThepersonyoutalkedisMr.Li.Thepencilhewaswritingwithbroke.Thepencilhewaswritingbroke.3.Theplaneisamachinecanfly.ThenoodlesIcookedweredelicious.4.Theroomwindowfacessouthismine.Theroomthewindowfacessouthismine.Theroomthewindowfacessouthismine.思考:who指,在定語從句中作。whom指,在定語從句中作,可省略。在口語中who也可以作賓語。which指,在定語從句中作或。作賓語時可省略。
that既可指,也可指。在定語從句中作或,作賓語時可省
略。指人時,相當于或;指物時,相當于。
whose既可指,也可指。在定語從句中作,總是與它所修飾的詞
(n.)一起出現(xiàn)在從句中。如果whose所修飾的名詞是無生命的詞,可用“the+n.+ofwhich”或“ofwhich+the+n.”來代替“whose+n.”總結:在做題是,先分析主句,找出先行詞,判斷出先行詞所做的成分,然后確
定關系詞。
擴展:關系代詞只用that不用which的情況1.當先行詞是4個thing(something,everything,nothing,anything)以及all,every,any,few,little,theonly,thevery,theright等來修飾時,用that引導。Theoldmanwrotedownallhehadgonethroughinhislife.YoumustdoeverythingIdo.ThisistheverywatchIlostyesterday.
Heisoneofthestudents(whois/are)praised.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents(whois/are)praised.2.當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時,用that引導。
IwillalwaysrememberthefirstlessonwasgivenbyMr.Smith.ThisisthebestbookIhaveread.
3.當先行詞既包括人又包括物時,用that引導。
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthethingstheyrememberedintheschool.4.當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時,用that引導。Whoisthepersonisstandingatthegate?Whichisthebookyouhaveread?思考:什么情況下不能用that?實戰(zhàn)演練:
課文中的句子:
1.Ahugecrackwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.
2.Thenumberofpeoplewerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan40,000.
3.Then,latertheafternoon,anotherbigquakewasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.
4.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthoseweretrappedandtoburythedead.
5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorshomeshadbeendestroyed.
6.PremierWentalkedwiththeleadersfromdifferentcountrieswerewearingtraditionallocaldress.
AwhichBwhenCwhereDwho
7.Thevisitorssaythatthey’llneverforgotthedaystheyhavespentvisitingHainanProvince.
AwhichBwhenChowDwhere
8.Thefamilymembersareallmusiclovershasgonetotheconcert.AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhat
9.ThebridgethedesignersaretwoAmericansattractsmanyvisitors.AwhoseBofwhichCthatDwhich
10.Doyouknowthemanthelittlegirlisturningtoforhelp?AwhoseBwhichCwhatDwhom點擊高考:
1.(201*全國)Theprizewillgotothewriterstoryshowsthemostimagination.AthatBwhichCwhoseDwhat2.(201*北京)Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.
AwhatBwhoseCwhichDthat
3.(201*湖南)I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
AwhoBwhereCwhenDwhich
4.(201*浙江)Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.
AwhomBwhichCthemDthose
5.(201*江西)Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.
AforwhichBwithwhichCofwhichDtowhich6.(201*山東)That’sthenewmachinepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.
AthatBwhichCwhoseDwhat
7.(201*山東)Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesarebuiltclosetoeachother.
AtheyBwhereCwhatDthat
8.(201*全國)Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeone’sfault.
AwhoBthatCasDwhat三、關系副詞引導的定語從句
常見的關系副詞有:when,where,why
1.October1st,1949wasthedaythePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
2.Thisismyhometowntherehasabeautifulview.3.Thereasonhewaslatewashemissedthebus.思考:
when表示,在定語從句中作。其先行詞一般為表示時間的詞。where表示,在定語從句中作。其先行詞一般為表示地點的詞why表示,在定語從句中作,其先行詞一般為reason。注意:關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞(which)
eg.Thisistheroomwelivedlastyear.Iwon’tforgetthedaysIstayedwithyou.Isthisthereasonhewassohappy?思考:先行詞是表示時間、地點、原因的詞時,關系詞一定用when、where、why
嗎?
eg.IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametoBeijing.IstillrememberthedayIspentinBeijing.ThisisthehouseIlived2yearsago.ThisisthehouseIbought2yearsago.Thereasonhewaslateisthathiscarbrokedown.Thereasonhegaveusisnotreasonable.
總結:關系代詞與關系副詞的使用區(qū)別:關鍵看其在定語從句中所做的成分。實戰(zhàn)演練:
1.Wehaven’tfoundagoodplacewearegoingtoplaceournewsofa.
AthatBwhichCwhatDwhere
2.HewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,hewentabroadandsettledthere.AafterthatBafterwhichCinwhichDinthat
3.Edibleoil’s(食用油)safetyisasubjectwehavearguedforalongtime.AofwhichBwithwhichCaboutwhichDintowhich4.I’mgoingtovisitthefactoryyourbrotherworkedafewyearsago.AwhichBwhereCthatDwhen
5.Thereasonherefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidn’tgivehimaninvitationearlier.
AwhichBwhyChowDwhen
6.WhenthereportermetLiuXiang,hewasinasituationhewasnotfeelinghimself.
AwhichBwhereCwhenDthat思考:where的先行詞必須是一個地點名詞嗎?
Canyouthinkofsomecasesstudentsobviouslyknowtheproblemsbutcan’tworkthemout?
IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.(09浙江)點擊高考:
1.(201*陜西)Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriendsweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
AwhichBwhereCwhoDthat
2.(201*天津)Thedaysaregonephysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.
AwhenBthatCwhereDwhich
擴展閱讀:高一英語必修一定語從句總結
定語從句
一、三個概念
1.定語從句:用來修飾某個名詞、代詞或整個句子的從句就叫做定語從句。
2.先行詞:定語從句所修飾的詞就叫做先行詞,它一般是由名詞、代詞或句子充當。
3.關系詞:引導定語從句的詞就叫做關系詞。關系詞用以連接先行詞與定語從句,關系詞既有替代先行詞的作用,又在從句中充當著一個成分。
例:Theboywhoissingingatthestageisonlynineyearsold.
先行詞關系詞定語從句
Anyonethatiswillingtohelpothersiswelcometoourgroup.先行詞
定語從句
關系詞
二、要點
1.先行詞與定語從句之間要有關系詞(有時可省略)2.關系代詞應緊跟在先行詞之后3.關系詞在定語從句中充當某一成分三、關系詞的用法
關系代詞:who/whom/that/which/whose1.先行詞是人時,關系代詞用who/whom/that.(1)who/that表主格:
Thegirlwho/thatisdrawingisJim’ssister.Themanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisfriendly.(2)whom/that表賓格(who可用于口語中)可省略:Theboy(whom/that)wetalkedaboutwillcome.Heistheman(whom/that)wesawyesterday.2.先行詞為物時,關系代詞用which/that.(1)which/that表主格:
Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.Marylikesmusicwhich/thatisquietandgentle.(2)which/that表賓格,可省略:
Thecar(which/that)heboughtwasasecond-handone.Thefilm(which/that)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.3.whose:表所有格,先行詞既可以是人,也可以是物Theworkerwhosearmwasbrokenwassenttohospital.Theriverwhosebanksarecoveredwithtreesisverylong.關系副詞:when/where/why
關系副詞可替代的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞why=forwhich
where=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)
1.when:指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例:Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetmyfavoritestar.2.where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例:Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.NanjingistheplacewhereIwasborn.
3.why指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例:Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?
注意:關系副詞when,where,why,的含義相當于“介詞+which”結構,因此常常和“介詞+which“結構交替使用。
例:IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichImetmyfavoritestar.【when】
NanjingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.【where】Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer?【why】四、關系代詞that的特殊用法只用that的情況
1.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.
2.被修飾的先行詞為all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.
例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?3.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.
4.先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.
5..以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?
6.主句是therebe結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.7.先行詞在主句和從句中都作表語時,只能用that.例如:Heisnotthemanthatheoncewas.8.先行詞是theway時,只用that
不用that的情況1.先行詞為that,those時,用which,而不用that.例如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?
2.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。3.引導非限制性定語從句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.
五、判斷關系代詞與關系副詞
方法一:用關系代詞,還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要求用關系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如:
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.這是我去年呆過的山村。
I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。判斷改錯:
(錯)ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.(錯)IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.(對)Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.(對)I"llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞where,when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。
方法二:準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
答案:例1D,例2A。
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where,that,onwhich都不能起到賓語的作用,只有theone既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關系代詞,所以應選D。
而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因inthemuseum詞組,可用介詞in+which引導地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on用的不對,所以選A。關系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應選擇關系副詞(where地點狀語,when時間狀語,why原因狀語)。
非限制性定語從句
非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明,通常是引導詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開,將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。但是限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整。1.which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分
2.當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的,例如:
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.3.非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞,對其進行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),例如:
HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.
Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.4.有時as也可用作關系代詞
5.在非限定性定語從句中,不能用關系副詞why和關系代詞that,而用who,whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物。
as,which引導的非限制性定語從句
1.由as,which引導的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個主句,相當于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
2.as和which在引導非限制性定語從句時,這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點:
(1)as引導的定語從句可置于句首,而which不可。(2)as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時,從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞,則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。
(3)當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時,常用which。
Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.(4)as的用法例
thesameas;suchas中的as是一種固定結構,和一樣。
Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).例2.as可引導非限制性從句,常帶有"正如"。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;
例2中,它充當從句的主語,謂語動詞know要用被動式。
定語從句的難點
1.限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況
2.關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句as和which引導非限制性定語從句,有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是:(1)As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,代表前面整個句子。
Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
(2)as引導非限制性定語從句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一個主句;which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如,正像”的意思Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.注意:當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時,常用which。Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.(3)當先行詞受such,thesame修飾時,常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
注意:當先行詞由thesame修飾時,偶爾也用that引導定語從句,但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同
SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.
注意:定語從句suchas與結果狀語從句suchthat的區(qū)別:as在所引導的定語從句中作主語,賓語;that在結果狀語從句中不做成分
HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobyone.
3.以theway為先行詞的定語從句通常由inwhich,that引導,而且通常可以省略。
Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
4.but有時也可以做關系詞引導定語從句
Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon’t)
5.區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句
(1)定語從句修飾先行詞,它和先行詞是修飾關系;同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容,是補充說明的關系TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定語從句Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位語從句
(2)定語從句由關系代詞或者關系副詞引導,關系詞在句中充當成分,有時可以省略;同位語從句主要由that引導,在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等詞引導,充當成分
Thenewshetoldmeistrue.Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.
Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定語
Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.(3)同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子,而定語從句不可以發(fā)展成一個完整的句子,
Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.同位語
Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.
友情提示:本文中關于《高一英語定語從句總結》給出的范例僅供您參考拓展思維使用,高一英語定語從句總結:該篇文章建議您自主創(chuàng)作。
來源:網(wǎng)絡整理 免責聲明:本文僅限學習分享,如產(chǎn)生版權問題,請聯(lián)系我們及時刪除。