選修六UNIT ART重要詞組,單詞解析拓展,課文重點(diǎn)句,涉及語法系統(tǒng)歸納
人教新課標(biāo)選修六unit1Art要點(diǎn)要句歸納復(fù)習(xí)
重點(diǎn)詞組:
1.intheabstract抽象地,理論上abstractsth.fromsth.從…中提取…2.aswellas也,同,和;同…一樣3.aimatsth.瞄準(zhǔn)
aimtodosth.意欲,企圖做某事aimatdoingsth.
withtheaimof帶有……的目的4.focuson=concentrateon集中5.convincesb.of使某人信服6.agreatdeal大量
7.intheflesh活著的
8.taketheplaceofsb.=replace代替,取代takeonesplace代替,取代;入座;就位9.breakawayfrom脫離,擺脫,放棄10.atthesametime同時(shí);但是
11.wouldratherdosth(主語)寧愿做某事
wouldrathersb.didsth.寧愿某人做某事(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?wouldrathersb.haddonesth.寧愿某人做某事(過去)12.asaconsequence=inconsequence=asaresult結(jié)果
13.inpossessionof擁有…
inthepossessionofsb=inonespossession為某人所擁有take/havepossessionof擁有(占有)14.considerdoing考慮做某事
considersb./sth.tobe/asconsiderthat-clause認(rèn)為,看待consideritadj./n.+todosth.
15.bewellworthdoing值得…(表被動(dòng))16.becontemporarywith與…屬同時(shí)期
17.convincesb.ofsth使某人確信/明白某事convincesb.+thatclause使某人相信…convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事15.attempttodosth.企圖做某事
16.ononehand…ontheotherhand…一方面…另一方面…17.scoresof許多,大量
18.notonly……butalso不但……而且19.everytwoyears每兩年everysecondyear
everyotheryear
20.be(well)worthn./doing(主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))…值得…asaconsequenceof=inconsequenceof=asaresult
of由于…的原因
單詞解析拓展:
1.convincevt.使確信;說服常用句型如下:知識(shí)拓展
convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人確信某事
convincedadj.確信的;深信的。常作表語,構(gòu)成beconvincedthat/of等結(jié)構(gòu),意思與convince結(jié)構(gòu)相同。convincingadj.有說服力的
①Iwasconvincedthatheknewthetruth.②Icouldntconvincehimofhismistake.③Thedoctorconvincedmetostopsmoking.④Themorehesaid,thelessconvincinghewas.
2.attemptV.①企圖,試圖;努力②試圖,嘗試:努力去執(zhí)行,做或完成attemptdoing反復(fù)嘗試做attempttodo企圖做
Iattemptedtoreadtheentirenovelinonesitting.Weattemptedthedifficultmaneuverwithoutassistance.n.①企圖或努力②襲擊;攻擊
anattemptonsomeone"slife.對某人生命的攻擊
3.possession
possession可數(shù)名詞,常用復(fù)數(shù),意思為“財(cái)產(chǎn)”。不可數(shù)名詞,意思為“擁有;所有權(quán)”。知識(shí)拓展comeintopossession占有;擁有g(shù)et/takepossessionof占有;取得…所有權(quán)inpossessionofsth.占有;擁有
inthepossessionofsb.被…占有;為…所有
Weveboughtthehouse,butwecantgetpossessionofitbeforeJuly.4.consider
consider大致有兩種含義。含義不同,用法有別。知識(shí)拓展
①consider作“考慮”解,常用于以下句型:consider+名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞consider+從句或“疑問詞+不定式”。
②consider作“認(rèn)為”解時(shí),常用于以下句型:
considersb./sth+(as)+形容詞/名詞其中,as可以省略。
consider+sb./sth.+不定式其中,不定式通常是tobe(可以省略)或其他動(dòng)詞的完成式。consider+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語consider+賓語從句
5.taketheplaceof代替,替代知識(shí)拓展
takeplace發(fā)生,舉行takeonesplace就座,入座
takesb.splace代替某人;接替某人的位置
giveplaceto為…取代;讓位于
inplace在通常的位置,在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕nplaceof代替
outofplace在錯(cuò)誤的位置;在不適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?.focuson聚焦于;(使)集中(注意力)于
focusonesattentiononaproblem集中注意力于同一問題知識(shí)拓展
concentrate/centreon…集中7.scoresof很多
scoresof很多ascore二十scoresof前不能加數(shù)詞8.“許多;大量”短語修飾可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞manyafewagood/greatmanyalarge/biggreat//smallnumberofmanya+單數(shù)名詞morethanone+單數(shù)名詞muchagood/greatdealofalargeamountof(謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))largeamountsof(謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))alotof/lotsofplentyofalargequantityof(謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))largequantitiesof(謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))
9.worth與worthy的區(qū)別
worth與worthy都是作“值得”講的形容詞,但在使用上和與詞的搭配關(guān)系上都不相同。一、worth一般只用作表語
①主語(物)+be+worth+名詞。
Hawaiiisabeautifulplacefortravelingandworthavisit.夏威夷是個(gè)旅游勝地,值得一游。Thenewbikeisworth350yuan.這輛新自行車值350元。
②主語(人)+be+worth+(表示金錢或財(cái)產(chǎn))名詞。表示“擁有……財(cái)產(chǎn)”。Heisworthseveralmilliondollars.他有好幾百萬美元的財(cái)產(chǎn)。HowmuchisMr.Greenworth?格林先生有多少財(cái)產(chǎn)。③主語(物)+be+worth+動(dòng)名詞。Thebookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。
Thecarisn"tworthrepairing.這輛汽車不值得修了。
Thebroadcastprogrammeisworthlisteningto.這條廣播節(jié)目值得一聽。注意:worth前面,一般用well修飾,不用very。Theschemeiswellworthatry.這個(gè)計(jì)劃很值得一次。二、worthy可作定語和表語,作表語時(shí)是“值得”的含義。①Worthy可作定語,意思是“可敬的,有價(jià)值得,相稱的”。Theyaremyworthyfriends.他們是我的可敬的朋友。
②Worthy作表語,后接不定式作狀語。如果句子的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語,則不定式有主動(dòng)語態(tài);如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
Theproblemisworthytobeconsidered.這個(gè)問題值得考慮。③Worthyof“值得……,配得上……”。
(1)主語+be+worthyof+n
Thearticleisworthyofcarefulstudy.這篇文章值得仔細(xì)研究。
Herachievementsareworthyofthehighestpraise.她的成就值得高度的贊揚(yáng)。(2)主語+be+worthyof+beingdone
Thebookisworthyofbeingread.這本書值得一讀。
重點(diǎn)句子:
1.Artisinfluencedbythewayoflifeandbeliefsofthepeople.藝術(shù)受人們生活方式和信仰的影響。
2.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,peoplewouldnothavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)透視法,人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫.
3.AmongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpaintingweretheimpressionistswholivedandworkedinParis.
那些脫離傳統(tǒng)繪畫風(fēng)格的印象派畫家們在巴黎生活工作.
4.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaintingstheywereconvincedtheywerelookingthroughaholeinthewallatarealscene.當(dāng)人們第一次看到他的畫時(shí),他們確信他們是從墻上的一個(gè)孔看一個(gè)真實(shí)的場面.5.Thegardenofthislovelymansionisalsowellworthavisit.這座可愛的花園大廈也是很值得一看的.
6.IntheRenaissance,newideasandvaluestooktheplaceofthosethatwereheldintheMiddleAges.在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,新的想法和價(jià)值觀取代了中世紀(jì)的想法和價(jià)值觀.7.Peoplebecamefocusedmoreonhumansandlessonreligion.人們的注意力更多地集中在人類本身,而對宗教的注意力減少了.
8.Theypaidfamousartiststopaintpicturesofthemselves,theirhousesandotherpossessions,aswellastheiractivitiesandachievements.
他們高價(jià)聘請著名藝術(shù)家來為自己畫相,畫自己的房屋和其它財(cái)物,以及他們的活動(dòng)和成就。
9.Nowadays,therearescoresofmodernartstyles,butwithouttheimpressionistsmanyofthesepaintingstyleswouldnotexist.
如今,現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)風(fēng)格已經(jīng)有好幾十種,然而如果沒有印象派,那么這許多不同的風(fēng)格就不可能存在。
10.Itsartcollectioncoversmorethan5,000yearsofcivilizationfrommanypartsoftheworld,includingAmerica,Europe,China,Egypt,AfricaandSouthAmerica.
它的藝術(shù)品收藏涵蓋了5,000多年來世界上眾多國家的文明史,期中包括美洲、歐洲、中國、埃及、非洲和南美洲。11.(一句多譯)這個(gè)地方值得參觀。Thisplaceisworthvisiting/avisit.
Thisplaceisworthyofbeingvisited/avisit.Thisplaceisworthytobevisited.Itisworthwhilevisitingthisplace/tovisitthisplace.
語法:
虛擬語氣
1)概念
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想,所說的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。2)在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實(shí)條件句,一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語氣。
1.真實(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣,假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生,其中if是如果的意思。
時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系
句型:條件從句主句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例題
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
注意:
1)在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示將來,該用shall,will.(錯(cuò))Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(對)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2)表示真理時(shí),主句謂語動(dòng)詞便不用shall(will)+動(dòng)詞原形,而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。
2.非真實(shí)條件句
1)時(shí)態(tài):可以表示過去,現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型:條件從句主句
一般過去時(shí)should(would)+動(dòng)詞原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型:條件從句主句
過去完成時(shí)should(would)have+過去分詞
Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.
Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.
IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含義:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.
Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含義:Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示對將來的假想
句型:條件從句主句
一般過去時(shí)should+動(dòng)詞原形were+不定式would+動(dòng)詞原形should+動(dòng)詞原形
Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.
3.混合條件句
主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)主,從句謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.
(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)
Ifithadrainedlastnight(過去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(現(xiàn)在).
4.虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可將if省略,再把were,should或had移到從句句首,實(shí)行倒裝。
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.
Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:
在虛擬語氣的從句中,動(dòng)詞"be"的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用"were",不用was,即在從句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就會(huì)去找他。
Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在這兒,一切都會(huì)好的。典型例題
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.
A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI
答案C.在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were,should,had這三個(gè)詞,通常將if省略,主語提前,變成were,should,had+主語的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說WereInottodo.,而不能說Weren"tItodo.
5.虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用
1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用should加動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。
句型:
(1)suggested
Itis(2)importantthat…+(should)do(3)apity
(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strange,apity,ashame,nowonder(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2)在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中。
order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)",即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí),賓語從句用陳述語氣。
Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò))Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(對)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(錯(cuò))Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(對)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.
3)在表語從句,同位語從句中的應(yīng)用
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
6.wish的用法
1)用于wish后面的從句,表示與事實(shí)相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語從句的動(dòng)詞形式為:真實(shí)狀況wish后從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)
(be的過去式為were)從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)(had+過去分詞)將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來時(shí)would/could+
動(dòng)詞原形IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一樣高。
Hewishedhehadn"tsaidthat.他希望他沒講那樣的話。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。
2)Wishtodo表達(dá)法。Wishsb/sthtodo
Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.
Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)
7.比較ifonly與onlyif
onlyif表示"只有";ifonly則表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陳述語氣。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有鬧鐘響了,我才會(huì)醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響了,就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來。
8.Itis(high)timethat
Itis(high)timethat后面的從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形,但should不可省略。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.
Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.
9.need在虛擬語氣中的用法
didn"tneedtodo表示:過去不必做某事,事實(shí)上也沒做。.needn"thavedone表示:過去不必做某事,但事實(shí)上做了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn"tneedtowalkbackhome.約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她不必步行回家了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn"thavewalkedbackhome.約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家,沒有遇上John的車。)典型例題
Therewasplentyoftime.She___.
A.mustn"thavehurriedB.couldn"thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn"thavehurried答案D。needn"thavedone.意為"本不必",即已經(jīng)做了某事,而時(shí)實(shí)際上不必要。
Mustn"thavedone用法不正確,對過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldn"thavedone,"不可能已經(jīng)"。mustnotdo不可以(用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。
擴(kuò)展閱讀:人教選修六uint1 art知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解
重點(diǎn)詞組:
1.intheabstract抽象地,理論上13.inpossessionof擁有…abstractsth.fromsth.從…中提取…inthepossessionofsb=inonespossession為某人所擁有2.aswellas也,同,和;同…一樣take/havepossessionof擁有(占有)3.aimatsth.瞄準(zhǔn)14.considerdoing考慮做某事
considersb./sth.tobe/asaimtodosth.意欲,企圖做某事
aimatdoingsth.considerthat-clause認(rèn)為,看待withtheaimof帶有……的目的consideritadj./n.+todosth.4.focuson=concentrateon集中15.bewellworthdoing值得…(表被動(dòng))5.convincesb.of使某人信服16.becontemporarywith與…屬同時(shí)期6.agreatdeal大量17.convincesb.ofsth使某人確信/明白某事7.intheflesh活著的convincesb.+thatclause使某人相信…8.taketheplaceofsb.=replace代替,取代convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事takeonesplace代替,取代;入座;就位15.attempttodosth.企圖做某事9.breakawayfrom脫離,擺脫,放棄16.ononehand…ontheotherhand…一方面…另一方面…10.atthesametime同時(shí);但是17.scoresof許多,大量11.wouldratherdosth(主語)寧愿做某事18.notonly……butalso不但……而且wouldrathersb.didsth.寧愿某人做某事(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?19.everytwoyears每兩年
everysecondyearwouldrathersb.haddonesth.寧愿某人做某事(過去)
everyotheryear12.asaconsequence=inconsequence=asaresult結(jié)果
asaconsequenceof=inconsequenceof=asaresult20.be(well)worthn./doing(主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))…值得…
of由于…的原因
單詞解析拓展:
1.convincevt.使確信;說服
常用句型如下:知識(shí)拓展
convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人確信某事
convincedadj.確信的;深信的。常作表語,構(gòu)成beconvincedthat/of等結(jié)構(gòu),意思與convince結(jié)構(gòu)相同。convincingadj.有說服力的
①Iwasconvincedthatheknewthetruth.②Icouldntconvincehimofhismistake.③Thedoctorconvincedmetostopsmoking.④Themorehesaid,thelessconvincinghewas.2.attemptV.①企圖,試圖;努力②試圖,嘗試:努力去執(zhí)行,做或完成attemptdoing反復(fù)嘗試做attempttodo企圖做
Iattemptedtoreadtheentirenovelinonesitting.
Weattemptedthedifficultmaneuverwithoutassistance.n.①企圖或努力②襲擊;攻擊
anattemptonsomeone"slife.對某人生命的攻擊3.possession
possession可數(shù)名詞,常用復(fù)數(shù),意思為“財(cái)產(chǎn)”。不可數(shù)名詞,意思為“擁有;所有權(quán)”。
知識(shí)拓展
comeintopossession占有;擁有
get/takepossessionof占有;取得…所有權(quán)inpossessionofsth.占有;擁有
inthepossessionofsb.被…占有;為…所有
Weveboughtthehouse,butwecantgetpossessionofitbeforeJuly.4.consider
consider大致有兩種含義。含義不同,用法有別。知識(shí)拓展①consider作“考慮”解,常用于以下句型:consider+名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞
consider+從句或“疑問詞+不定式”。②consider作“認(rèn)為”解時(shí),常用于以下句型:
considersb./sth+(as)+形容詞/名詞其中,as可以省略。
consider+sb./sth.+不定式其中,不定式通常是tobe(可以省略)或其他動(dòng)詞的完成式。consider+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語consider+賓語從句
5.taketheplaceof代替,替代知識(shí)拓展
takeplace發(fā)生,舉行takeonesplace就座,入座
takesb.splace代替某人;接替某人的位置giveplaceto為…取代;讓位于
inplace在通常的位置,在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕nplaceof代替
outofplace在錯(cuò)誤的位置;在不適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?.focuson聚焦于;(使)集中(注意力)于
focusonesattentiononaproblem集中注意力于同一問題知識(shí)拓展
concentrate/centreon…集中7.scoresof很多
scoresof很多ascore二十scoresof前不能加數(shù)詞8.“許多;大量”短語修飾可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞manyafewagood/greatmanyalarge/biggreat//smallnumberofmanya+單數(shù)名詞morethanone+單數(shù)名詞muchagood/greatdealofalargeamountof(謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))largeamountsof(謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))alotof/lotsofplentyofalargequantityof(謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))largequantitiesof(謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))
9.worth與worthy的區(qū)別
worth與worthy都是作“值得”講的形容詞,但在使用上和與詞的搭配關(guān)系上都不相同。一、worth一般只用作表語
①主語(物)+be+worth+名詞。
Hawaiiisabeautifulplacefortravelingandworthavisit.夏威夷是個(gè)旅游勝地,值得一游。Thenewbikeisworth350yuan.這輛新自行車值350元。
②主語(人)+be+worth+(表示金錢或財(cái)產(chǎn))名詞。表示“擁有……財(cái)產(chǎn)”。Heisworthseveralmilliondollars.他有好幾百萬美元的財(cái)產(chǎn)。HowmuchisMr.Greenworth?格林先生有多少財(cái)產(chǎn)。③主語(物)+be+worth+動(dòng)名詞。
Thebookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。
Thecarisn"tworthrepairing.這輛汽車不值得修了。
Thebroadcastprogrammeisworthlisteningto.這條廣播節(jié)目值得一聽。注意:worth前面,一般用well修飾,不用very。Theschemeiswellworthatry.這個(gè)計(jì)劃很值得一次。
二、worthy可作定語和表語,作表語時(shí)是“值得”的含義。①Worthy可作定語,意思是“可敬的,有價(jià)值得,相稱的”。Theyaremyworthyfriends.他們是我的可敬的朋友。
②Worthy作表語,后接不定式作狀語。如果句子的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語,則不定式有主動(dòng)語態(tài);如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
Theproblemisworthytobeconsidered.這個(gè)問題值得考慮。③Worthyof“值得……,配得上……”。(1)主語+be+worthyof+n
Thearticleisworthyofcarefulstudy.這篇文章值得仔細(xì)研究。
Herachievementsareworthyofthehighestpraise.她的成就值得高度的贊揚(yáng)。(2)主語+be+worthyof+beingdone
Thebookisworthyofbeingread.這本書值得一讀。
重點(diǎn)句子:
1.Artisinfluencedbythewayoflifeandbeliefsofthepeople.藝術(shù)受人們生活方式和信仰的影響。
2.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,peoplewouldnothavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)透視法,人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫.
3.AmongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpaintingweretheimpressionistswholivedandworkedinParis.
那些脫離傳統(tǒng)繪畫風(fēng)格的印象派畫家們在巴黎生活工作.
4.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaintingstheywereconvincedtheywerelookingthroughaholeinthewallatarealscene.當(dāng)人們第一次看到他的畫時(shí),他們確信他們是從墻上的一個(gè)孔看一個(gè)真實(shí)的場面.5.Thegardenofthislovelymansionisalsowellworthavisit.這座可愛的花園大廈也是很值得一看的.
6.IntheRenaissance,newideasandvaluestooktheplaceofthosethatwereheldintheMiddleAges.在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,新的想法和價(jià)值觀取代了中世紀(jì)的想法和價(jià)值觀.7.Peoplebecamefocusedmoreonhumansandlessonreligion.人們的注意力更多地集中在人類本身,而對宗教的注意力減少了.
8.Theypaidfamousartiststopaintpicturesofthemselves,theirhousesandotherpossessions,aswellastheiractivitiesandachievements.
他們高價(jià)聘請著名藝術(shù)家來為自己畫相,畫自己的房屋和其它財(cái)物,以及他們的活動(dòng)和成就。
9.Nowadays,therearescoresofmodernartstyles,butwithouttheimpressionistsmanyofthesepaintingstyleswouldnotexist.
如今,現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)風(fēng)格已經(jīng)有好幾十種,然而如果沒有印象派,那么這許多不同的風(fēng)格就不可能存在。
10.Itsartcollectioncoversmorethan5,000yearsofcivilizationfrommanypartsoftheworld,includingAmerica,Europe,China,Egypt,AfricaandSouthAmerica.
它的藝術(shù)品收藏涵蓋了5,000多年來世界上眾多國家的文明史,期中包括美洲、歐洲、中國、埃及、非洲和南美洲。11.(一句多譯)這個(gè)地方值得參觀。Thisplaceisworthvisiting/avisit.
Thisplaceisworthyofbeingvisited/avisit.Thisplaceisworthytobevisited.
Itisworthwhilevisitingthisplace/tovisitthisplace.
語法:
虛擬語氣
1)概念
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想,所說的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。2)在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實(shí)條件句,一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語氣。
1.真實(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣,假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生,其中if是如果的意思。
時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系
句型:條件從句主句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例題
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。注意:
1)在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示將來,該用shall,will.(錯(cuò))Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(對)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2)表示真理時(shí),主句謂語動(dòng)詞便不用shall(will)+動(dòng)詞原形,而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。
2.非真實(shí)條件句
1)時(shí)態(tài):可以表示過去,現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。句型:條件從句主句
一般過去時(shí)should(would)+動(dòng)詞原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型:條件從句主句
過去完成時(shí)should(would)have+過去分詞
Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.
Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.
IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含義:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.
Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含義:Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示對將來的假想
句型:條件從句主句
一般過去時(shí)should+動(dòng)詞原形were+不定式would+動(dòng)詞原形should+動(dòng)詞原形
Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.
Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.
3.混合條件句
主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)主,從句謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)
Ifithadrainedlastnight(過去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(現(xiàn)在).
4.虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可將if省略,再把were,should或had移到從句句首,實(shí)行倒裝。
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.
Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:
在虛擬語氣的從句中,動(dòng)詞"be"的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用"were",不用was,即在從句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就會(huì)去找他。
Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在這兒,一切都會(huì)好的。典型例題
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI
答案C.在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were,should,had這三個(gè)詞,通常將if省略,主語提前,變成were,should,had+主語的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說WereInottodo.,而不能說Weren"tItodo.
5.虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用
1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用should加動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。句型:
(1)suggested
Itis(2)importantthat…+(should)do(3)apity
(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strange,apity,ashame,nowonder(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2)在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中。
order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)",即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí),賓語從句用陳述語氣。
Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò))Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(對)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(錯(cuò))Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(對)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3)在表語從句,同位語從句中的應(yīng)用
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
6.wish的用法
1)用于wish后面的從句,表示與事實(shí)相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語從句的動(dòng)詞形式為:真實(shí)狀況wish后從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)
(be的過去式為were)從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)
(had+過去分詞)將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來時(shí)would/could+
動(dòng)詞原形IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一樣高。Hewishedhehadn"tsaidthat.他希望他沒講那樣的話。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2)Wishtodo表達(dá)法。Wishsb/sthtodo
Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.
Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)
7.比較ifonly與onlyif
onlyif表示"只有";ifonly則表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陳述語氣。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有鬧鐘響了,我才會(huì)醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響了,就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來。
8.Itis(high)timethat
Itis(high)timethat后面的從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形,但should不可省略。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.
Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.
9.need在虛擬語氣中的用法
didn"tneedtodo表示:過去不必做某事,事實(shí)上也沒做。.needn"thavedone表示:過去不必做某事,但事實(shí)上做了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn"tneedtowalkbackhome.約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她不必步行回家了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn"thavewalkedbackhome.約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家,沒有遇上John的車。)典型例題
Therewasplentyoftime.She___.
A.mustn"thavehurriedB.couldn"thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn"thavehurried答案D。needn"thavedone.意為"本不必",即已經(jīng)做了某事,而時(shí)實(shí)際上不必要。Mustn"thavedone用法不正確,對過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldn"thavedone,"不可能已經(jīng)"。mustnotdo不可以(用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。
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