中考之英語語法總結(jié)
201*年中考英語語法總結(jié)
1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官動(dòng)詞)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump2(比較級(jí)and比較級(jí))表示越來越怎么樣
3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟(容易)4agreewithsb贊成某人
5allkindsof各種各樣akindof一樣6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整個(gè)世界7alongwith同……一道,伴隨……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我將和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹8Assoonas一怎么樣就怎么樣9asyoucansee你是知道的
10askfor……求助向…要…(直接接想要的東西)eg:askyouformybook11asksbforsth向某人什么
12asksbtodosth詢問某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事13attheageof在……歲時(shí)eg:IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen14atthebeginningof…………的起初;……的開始
15attheendof+地點(diǎn)/+時(shí)間最后;盡頭;末尾eg:Attheendoftheday16atthistimeofyear在每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候
17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+從句感覺/對(duì)什么有信心,自信
eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest18be+doing表:1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)2將來時(shí)
19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原)能夠……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing20beabletodosth能夠干什么eg:sheisabletosing
21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐懼,害怕……eg:I"mafraedtogooutatnightI"mafraidofdog22beallowedtodo被允許做什么
eg:I"mallowedtowatchTV我被允許看電視IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我應(yīng)該被允許看電視23beangrywithsb生某人的氣eg:Don"tbeangrywithme24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth為什么而生某人的氣
25beas…原級(jí)…as和什么一樣eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一樣高26beashamedto27beawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離28beawayfrom從……離開
29bebadfor對(duì)什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太陽下看書對(duì)你的眼睛不好30beborn出生于31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……32becareful當(dāng)心;小心33bedifferentfrom……和什么不一樣34befamousfor以……著名35befriendlytosb對(duì)某人友好
36befrom=comefrom來自eg:HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?37befullof裝滿……的befilledwith充滿eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater38beglad+to+do/從句39begoingto+v(原)將來時(shí)40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善長(zhǎng),善于……
41begoodfor對(duì)什么有好處eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish42behappytodo很高興做某事43behelpfultosb對(duì)某人有好處
eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大聲朗讀對(duì)你有好處Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady鍛煉對(duì)你的身體有好處44beingoodhealth身體健康
45beintrouble處于困難中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble46beinterestedin對(duì)某方面感興趣
47belatefor=comelateto遲到eg:Belateforclass上課遲到48belike像……eg:I"mlikemymother49bemadat生某人的氣
50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)
51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)52benotsure表不確定53beonavisitto參觀54bepopularwithsb受某人歡迎
55bequiet安靜56beshortfor表**的縮寫eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰
57besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou61bestrictindoingsth嚴(yán)于做某事eg:He"sstrictinobeyingnoles
62bestrictwithsb對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves這些學(xué)生對(duì)自己不嚴(yán)格63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么
65besure表確定66besureofdoingsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell67besureofsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:I"msureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大腦(老師)68besurethatsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:I"msuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通過考試
69besuretodosth一定會(huì)做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我們一定會(huì)通過這次考試WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我們一定能學(xué)好英語70beterrifiedof+名/動(dòng)doing害怕……71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72bethesameas…和什么一樣73beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣做某事
eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸習(xí)慣早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他習(xí)慣上課睡覺
74beworthdoing值得做什么75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat叢句76because+句子becauseof+短語
eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77begintodo=starttodo開始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么開始什么eg:Let"sbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome78between…and…兩者之間
79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借給……什么東西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同81bother打擾bothersbtodosth
eg:I"msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎么去車站
theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks這個(gè)問題困擾了我?guī)讉(gè)周了He"sbotheringmetolendhimmoney
82bytheendof到……為止83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang
84care關(guān)心eg:Don"tyoucareaboutthiscountry"sfuture?你為什么不關(guān)心國(guó)家的未來85catchupwithsb趕上某人86chatwithsb和某人閑談takesbto+地點(diǎn)帶某人去某地87comein進(jìn)88comeoverto過來
89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一個(gè)好辦法嗎?90communicatewithsb和某人交流
91consider+doing考慮做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou為什么不考慮去瀘州?92danceto隨著……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93decidetodosth決定做某事94doasurveyof做某方面的調(diào)查95dobetterin在……方面做得更好96dowrong做錯(cuò)97Don"tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98Don"tmind+doing/從句/名詞不要介意……
99each+名(單)每一個(gè)…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一些書100endup+doing101enjoy+doing喜歡102escapefrom從……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來103expecttodosth期待做某事104falldown摔下來falloff從哪摔下來105fallinlovewithsb/sth愛上什么
106farfrom離某地遠(yuǎn)eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome107find+it+adj+todo發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣108findsb/sth+adj發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109finish完成+doing(名詞)
110fittosb=befitforsb適合某人111forgettodo沒有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don"tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor112from…to…從某某到某某eg:Frommeforher
113get/havesthdown做完,被(別人)做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了)Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫(yī)拔掉了)
114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb與某人相處得好
116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb與某人相處117getreadyfor=bereadyfor為什么而準(zhǔn)備eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble給某人麻119getsbtodosth
120get…from…從某處得到某物121giveatalk做報(bào)告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth給某人某物123gofish釣魚goswimming游泳
124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing繼續(xù)做這件事125gooutawayfromgooutof
126gotoschool上學(xué)(用于專業(yè)的)gototheschool去學(xué)校(不一定是上學(xué))127goodwayto好方法128hatetodo討厭沒做過的事hatedoing討厭做過的事
129haveapartyforsb舉辦誰的晚會(huì)130haveatalk聽報(bào)告談一談
131havebeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince132havebeento…(地方)……去過某過地方havegoneto…(地方)去了某地還沒回來133havefun+doing玩得高興134havesthtodo有什么事要做
eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做Ihavenothingtodo我沒什么事情做135havetodosth必須做某事
136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻煩137have…time+doing
138have…(時(shí)間)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我請(qǐng)一個(gè)月得假139hearsb+do/doing聽見某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用處
141helpsbwithsth\\one"ssth幫助某人某事(某方面)helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事142hopetodosth希望做某事
143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)
144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你對(duì)什么的看法145if:是否=wether
eg:Idon"tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會(huì)
Hedon"tknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我們明天早上是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)146if:如果,假如(全部接一般時(shí)態(tài))+條件語態(tài)從句
eg:I"llgotoLuZhouifitdoes"train假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州
Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他們要改變計(jì)劃,他們會(huì)讓我知道的I"llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國(guó)147inone"sopinion=sbthink某人認(rèn)為148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后
150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方(north北sowth南west西east東)151inthesun在太陽下152increase增加
eg:They"veincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%他們把石油價(jià)增加了3%thepopulationhasincreasedfrom12milliontenyearsagoto18millionnow153insteadof+(名)代替
eg:I"dlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要蘋果,而不要梨子IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath我喜歡英語而不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)
154introducesbtosb介紹某人給某人introduceoneself自我介紹155invitesbtodosth邀請(qǐng)某人做某事
156Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少時(shí)間
eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocook157It"s+adj+forsbtodosth對(duì)某人來說做某事怎么樣158It"s+adj+todo做某事怎么樣
159It"s+adjforsb對(duì)于某人來說怎么樣It"s+adjofsb對(duì)某人來說太怎么樣
160It"s+adj(forsb)todo(對(duì)某人來說)做某事怎么樣It"s+adjofsbtodosth對(duì)某人來說做某事太怎么樣eg:It"sniceofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish
161It"sagoodideaforsbtodosth對(duì)……來說是個(gè)好主意162It"simportanttosb對(duì)某人來說很重要eg:It"simportanttome163It"stimetodosthIt"stimeforsth到了該去做某事的時(shí)間eg:It"stimetohaveclassIt"stimeforclass該去上課了164join=takepartin參加165justnow剛才
166keep+sb/sth+adj/介詞短語讓什么保持什么樣?167keepout不讓……進(jìn)入
168keepsbadj讓……保持……eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康169keyto+名詞表示:某物的鑰匙或某題的答案170keyto…anserto…key可以是答題或鑰匙
171laughat…取笑……eg:Don"tlanghatothersWelanghedatthejoke172learnbyoneslfe自學(xué)
173learnfromsb向某人學(xué)習(xí)eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng174learntodosth學(xué)做某事175letsbdosth讓某人做某事
176Letsbdown讓某人失望eg:Weshouldn"tletourfarentsdown我們不應(yīng)該讓我們的父母失望177livefrom:離某地遠(yuǎn)
178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan179lookafter=takecareof照顧照看
180loseone"sway誰迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路181makeadecisiontodosth決定做某事
182makefriendswithsb和誰成為朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou183makeitearly把時(shí)間定的早一點(diǎn)
184makeonexhibitionofoneself讓某人出洋相
185makesb/n+n使什么成為什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife186makesb/sth+adj使某人(某物)怎么樣eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean187makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么樣
188makesbdosth讓某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前讓他寫
189makeupbemadeupof(被動(dòng)語態(tài))由……組成190make…differenceto…
191mindsbtodomindone"sdoing介意……做什么192most+名mostof+代
193muchtoo+形容詞194mustbe一定195need+名詞
196needsbdosth需要某人做某事197needtodo(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)needdo(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)198no/neithrofhatetodono/neithrofhatedoing199no+名詞
200notanymore=nomore再也不……eg:Hedidn"tcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭201not…(形、副)atalleg:He"snottallatallshedoesn"tjunpfaratall
202not…atall一點(diǎn)都不
203not…either表否定,也不eg:Idon"tjapanseeitherIdon"thavesister,either我也沒有姐姐204not…until直到……才……
eg:Ididn"tsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidn"tstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar205offer/providesbwithsth給某人提供
206offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么東西給某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我給你提供水207onone"swayto…在誰去那的路上
208ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面209onthephone=overthephone用電話交談210ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)intime及時(shí)
211oneday=someday=someday一天,有一天212oneof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式213onetoanother一個(gè)到另一個(gè)
214overandoveragin一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin215part-timejob兼職工作fall-timejob全職工作216payfor…付……錢paythebill開錢,付錢217please+do
218pleasehelpyourself219pleasedwithsb220poolinto=poreinto221practice+doing練習(xí)做某事
222prefersthtosth相對(duì)……更喜歡……eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化學(xué)中,我更喜歡物理preferdoingtosth更喜歡去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他更喜歡騎自行車,不開小車prefertodosthratherthandosth寧愿做…也不愿
eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜歡買新的車,也不去修舊車prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜歡她不來223pretendtodosth裝著去做什么pretendthat從句
eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard這兩個(gè)騙子裝著努力工作Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他裝著不知道答案224rather…than寧可……也不……
eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯當(dāng)醫(yī)生,也不當(dāng)老師Helikesdogsratherthancats他喜歡狗,不喜歡貓225regard…as把……當(dāng)作……
eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily請(qǐng)帶我向你的家人我最好的問候Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你當(dāng)作我的朋友Heshowslittleregardforothers他不愛關(guān)心別人
226remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事eg:heremidsmeaboutcooking(heremidsmetocook他提醒我做飯227remidsbofsth使某人想起什么
eg:thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays這照片使我想起了我的學(xué)校thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother228returnsthtosb還什么東西給某人229saytooneself對(duì)自己說230saytosb對(duì)某人說
231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少錢在某事上232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少時(shí)間陪誰
233sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少時(shí)間做某事234sbwithsb+issbandsb+are
235seesbdo看見某人做過某事seesbdoing看見某人正在做某事
236seemtodo/be+adj顯得怎么樣eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy237send+sbsth送給某人某物238send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?
239shock使……震驚eg:Oh,It"sonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊,是你呀!嚇我一跳240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthebook.
241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么東西給某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.243some…others…一些……另一些……
244start…with…從……開始begin…with…從……開始245stayawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離……
eg:We"retoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhevisitingthezoo當(dāng)我們參觀zoo時(shí),我們要遠(yuǎn)離動(dòng)物Ifyouwanttoloseweightyou"dbetterstayauayfromthesweetfood徒工你想減肥,你最好遠(yuǎn)離甜食246stopdoing停下正在做的事
247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事250such+名這樣,這種251suitsb適合某人
252surprisesb使某人驚奇toone"ssurprise令某人驚奇253takeclasses上課
254takesbto把某人帶去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital255takewalks=takeawalk=goforawalk散步
256①talkto對(duì)誰說eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和誰說eg:Italkwithhim③talkof談到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout談?wù)撽P(guān)于……257talkwithsb和某人說話258teachsbsth教某人做某事259tellsbdosth告訴某人做某事
260tellsbsthtellsbthat叢句tellsbnottodosthtellastory261tellsbsth告訴某人某事
262tellsbtodosth告訴某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告訴某人不要做什么263tell…from…
264thankyoufor+doing
265thesame+名詞(doing)+as……
266thesame…(名)…asas…(adjadv)…as相同
267thewaytodosth=thewayofdoingst做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish
268thewayto…(地點(diǎn))到哪的269too…to…太怎樣而不能……adj+enoughto足夠…能…so…that+叢句eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecan"tgotoschoolHeisoldenoughtogotoschool=Heissooldthathecangotoschool270transalte……into……把什么翻譯成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese
271travelwithsb和某人去旅游272tryone"sbesttodosth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell273trytodosth想干什么,但沒成功trydoingsth想干什么,已經(jīng)做過了
eg:Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去,但沒成功Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去,已經(jīng)做過了274try…試衣服haveatry試一下275turndown開小←→turnup開大276turnoff關(guān)上←→turnon打開open拆開277upsidedown倒著278visitto…參觀某個(gè)地方279waitforsb等某人
擴(kuò)展閱讀:中考英語語法總結(jié)
中考語法總結(jié)
第一部分:詞法中考考點(diǎn)一、名詞
一、名詞的復(fù)數(shù):
1.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則形式
1).一般情況下直接加sbook------bookscup-----cups2).以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,先變y為i再加es.city-------citiesfamily-----families3).以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的加es.
bus-----buseswish------wisheswatch------wathes4).以o結(jié)尾的多數(shù)加S初中階段只有三個(gè)單詞加es.
tomato-----tomatoespotato------potatoeshero-----heroes5).以f、fe結(jié)尾的,先把f、fe變v再加es.
leaf----leavesself---selvesshelf----shelveslife----livesthief---thieves2.少數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的。
man----menwoman---womenchild----childrenfoot-----feettooth----teethmouse---mice3.單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。
deer---deerfish----fishsheep----sheepChinese----ChineseJapanese---Japanese4.某國(guó)人的復(fù)數(shù)。
1).中、日不變。Chinese----ChineseJapanese---Japanese
2).英、法變。Englishman----EnglishmenFrenchman----Frenchmen
3).其余s加后面。American-----AmericansGerman----GermansAustralian---Australians二、不可數(shù)名詞:
1.不可數(shù)名詞:
1).不能直接用數(shù)字表數(shù)量2).不能直接加a或an3).沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式4).可用some、any、lotsof、plentyof、much修飾5).可用“量詞短語”表示2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量的表示方法:a/數(shù)字+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞
apieceofpaperacupofteaaglassofmilk三、名詞的所有格:1.’s所有格。
1).用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系時(shí),這時(shí)只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加“’s.”Thisis____________________(MaryandLily)bedroom.
2).1).用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示各有關(guān)系時(shí),這時(shí)分別在每個(gè)名詞后加“’s.”Theseare________________(TomandJack)schoolbags.3).以s結(jié)尾的名詞,變所有格時(shí)在s后加“’”,不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,仍加“’s”Teachers’DayChildren’sDay
4).表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時(shí),常在名詞后加’s代表全稱。
atthedoctor’sattheBob’s
5).由some、any、no、every與one、body結(jié)合的復(fù)合不定代詞something、anything等和else連用時(shí),所有格應(yīng)加在else的后面。
Thisis_________________(somebodyelse)pencil.
6).表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加’s來構(gòu)成所有格。anhour’sridetwoweeks’timeChina’scapital2.of所有格:
1).of用來表示無生命的名詞所有格。
themapofChinathedooroftheroom2).雙重所有格:
of+名詞所有格of+名詞性的物住代詞Heisafriendofmy_________(brother).
Issheadaughterof__________(you)?四、名詞作句子成分:1.名詞作主語
1).表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Twohours________(be)enoughforustogetthere.
2).量詞短語“數(shù)字+量詞+of+”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞保持一致。
Apairofshoes_______(be)underthebed.Twopiecesofpaper_______(be)onthedesk.
3).名詞+介詞(with、except、alongwith.)+名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的名詞保持一致。
Theteacherwiththestudents_________(be)plantingtreesonthehill.
4).短語“neithernor、eitheror、notonlybutalso”連接主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞實(shí)行就近原則。
NeitherhenorI______(be)aFrenchman.2.名詞作定語:
1).名詞作定語時(shí),一般用單數(shù)形式。
Thereisashoefactoryneartheschool.
2).名詞作定語時(shí),個(gè)別情況用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(sport)
Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextweek.
3).man、woman作定語表示性別時(shí),man、woman隨后面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)而變。onemanteachertwowomenteachers
中考考點(diǎn)二:冠詞的用法考查重點(diǎn)
冠詞的考查重點(diǎn)包括不定冠詞a和an的用法,定冠詞the的用法和零冠詞的用法等。
一.a和an的區(qū)別
不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式,a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前。
例如:aboy,auniversity,aEuropeancountry;anhour,anhonor,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella,anhonestman,ausefulbook
不看字母看讀音,不見原因(元音)別施恩(n)
二.不定冠詞的用法
1.泛指某一類人、事或物;相當(dāng)于any,這是不定冠詞a/an的基本用法。Ahorstisananimal
2.泛指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。
Agirliswaitingforyou.
3.表示數(shù)量,有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈。Ihaveacomputer.4.表示“每一”,相當(dāng)于every.
Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天課。5.用在序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一”,“再一”。Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.
6.用在某些固定詞組中:
alot(of),afterawhile,afew,alittle,atatime,haveaswim,haveacold,inahurry,foralongtime,haveagoodtime,havealook三.定冠詞的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,這是定冠詞的基本用法。Thebookonthedeskismine
2.指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。Openthewindow,please.
3.指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.
4.指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?5.用在序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)前。Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.6.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。theGreatWall長(zhǎng)城,theUnitedStates美國(guó)7.用在某些形容詞前,表示某一類人。
thepoor窮人,theblind盲人
8用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”。theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻倆9.用在方位詞前。
ontheleft在左邊,inthemiddleof在中間10.用在樂器名稱前。
Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.
11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脈,群島及國(guó)家和黨派等名詞前。theBlackSea黑海,theYangziRiver長(zhǎng)江12.用在某些固定詞組中:
allthesame仍然;allthetime一直;atthemoment此刻;atthesametime同時(shí);bytheway順便說;dotheshopping/washing買東西/洗衣服;inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;intheopenair在戶外,在野外四.零冠詞的用法
1.棋類,球類,一日三餐名詞前不用任何冠詞
Playchessplayfootballhavesupper
特例:當(dāng)football,basketball指具體的某個(gè)球時(shí),其前可以用冠詞:Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。Where’sthefootball?那只足球在哪兒?(指足球,并非“球類運(yùn)動(dòng)”)2.季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)假日名詞前不用任何冠詞.
InJulyinsummeronMondayonTeachers’Day3.人名,地名,國(guó)家名前不加冠詞
BeijingisthecapitalofChina
4.學(xué)科,語言,稱呼,語職務(wù)名詞前不用冠詞Mathishardtolearn
5.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示類別時(shí)不加冠詞
TheyareworkersIlikeeatingapples
6.名詞前已有物主代詞(my,your,his,her等)、指示代詞(this/these,that/those)、不定代詞(some,any等)及所有格限制時(shí),不用冠詞mybook(正);mythebook(誤)
7.在表特定的公園,街道,車站,橋,學(xué)校等之前。No.25MiddleSchool五.用與不用冠詞的差異
inhospital住院/inthehospital在醫(yī)院里
infrontof在(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在(內(nèi)部的)前面attable進(jìn)餐/atthetable在桌子旁bysea乘船/bythesea在海邊
gotoschool(church)上學(xué)(做禮拜)/gototheschool(church)到學(xué)校(教堂)去twoofus我們當(dāng)中的兩人/thetwoofus我們兩人(共計(jì)兩人)nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年ateacherandwriter一位教師兼作家(一個(gè)人)
/ateacherandawriter一位教師和一位作家(兩個(gè)人)中考專題三:代詞一.人稱代詞:?jiǎn)螖?shù)主格第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱
復(fù)數(shù)
賓格主格賓格Imeweus
youyouyouyou
it/she/heit/her/himtheythem
1.主格作主語,賓格作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語.Heteaches______(we)Chinese.2.三種人稱代詞并列時(shí),順序?yàn)?
單數(shù):二,三,一(You,sheandI)復(fù)數(shù):一,二,三(we,youandthey)注:若把責(zé)任擔(dān),第一人稱最當(dāng)先,(即若做錯(cuò)事時(shí),把第一人稱放在最前面.)SheandIhavebeentoBeijing.
Whobrokethewindow?IandMike.注:it還有一些特別的用法。
1)用作形式主語,常用于“It’s+adj+todosth”句型中.2)用在句型:“Itseemsthat”中.3)4)5)6)
用在句型:“It’sone’sturntodosth”中.用在句型:“It’stimetodosth/forsth”中.用在句型:“It’s+adj+that從句”中.
用作形式賓語,用來代替動(dòng)詞不定式.make/think/feel/find+it+adj(名詞)+todosth.
第二人稱
第三人稱
復(fù)數(shù)theirs
二.物主代詞.第一人稱單數(shù)形容詞性
復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)myouryouryourits/his/hertheir
yours
its/his/hers
名詞性mineoursyours
1.形容詞性的物主代詞作定語放在名詞前,不能單獨(dú)使用。
2.名詞性的物主代詞,后面不能加名詞。名詞性的物主代詞常與of連用。Ourclassroomisasbigas______(they).Thisisafriendof______(my).
注:1)名詞性的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞性的物主代詞加一個(gè)名詞.(名詞性的物主代詞=形容詞性的物主代詞+名詞)
2)形容詞性的物主代詞與own連用時(shí),后面可跟名詞也可不跟名詞.Myownhouse=ahouseofmyown
三.反身代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱
myselfourselvesyourselfyourselves
第三人稱himself/herself/itselfthemselves記憶小竅門:
反身代詞有規(guī)律,第三人稱賓格加self.其余都要物主加self,復(fù)數(shù)ves來把f替.反身代詞的常用搭配:
enjoyoneselfhurtoneselfteachoneself=learn…byoneslfallbyoneselfhelponeselfto…lookafteroneselfleavesbbyoneselfloseoneselfin
saytooneselfforoneselfdressoneselfimproveoneselfseeoneselfinthemirror四.指示代詞
1.近指:thisthese遠(yuǎn)指:thatthose
2.用法:
1)thatthose常用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物,以避免重復(fù).That代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞.Those代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞.
TheweatherinGuangdongishotterthan_____inQinghai.
Thebooksinthatshoparecheaperthan______inthisshop.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.those
2)this,that可代替句子或句子的一個(gè)部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.Hehadabadcold,thatiswhyhedidn’tcome.3)在電話用語中,this代替自己,而that代替對(duì)方.ThisisTomspeaking.Whoisthat?五.不定代詞的區(qū)別.
1.one與it的區(qū)別
One代替同類事物中的一種.而it代替上文中出現(xiàn)的某事物.Thisbookisagoodone.MayIborrowit?2.some與any的區(qū)別
一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑問句,條件句中.但在表建議的疑問句中,仍用some代any.常用于could/would/May開頭或whatabout/howabout.的句中。MayIhavesomewater?
Heaskedmeforsomepaper,butIdidn’thaveany.3.many與much的區(qū)別
Many+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)Much+不可數(shù)名詞都相當(dāng)于alotof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞注:alotof不能用于否定句中.否定句中用many/much.4.afew/few/alittle/little的區(qū)別表否定(幾乎沒有)表肯定(有一點(diǎn)/幾個(gè))修飾可數(shù)名詞
fewafew
修飾不可數(shù)名詞littlealittle
Thestoryiseasytoread.thereare_____newwordsinit.Hurryup!Thereis_____timeleft.5.each/every的區(qū)別
each表示兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的每一個(gè).而every表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一個(gè).
Therearetreesandfrowerson_____sideofthestreet.______studenthasreadastory.
注:each可以與of連用,eachof作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).而every不能與of連用.只能放在名詞前作定語.
Eachofus_______(study)hard.6.noone與none的區(qū)別
noone表示沒有人,不能與of連用.而noneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞,作主語時(shí),謂語常用單數(shù)。.Theboyswerealltired,but_____ofthemstoppedtohavearest.7.both/neither/either/all/none/any的區(qū)別都都不任何一個(gè)兩者之間bothneithereither三者或三者以上allnoneany
Therearemanytreeson____sideoftheriver.A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all注:1).both的否定詞是neither,all的否定詞是none.2).bothof作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).neitherof作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Neitheroftheanswers______(be)right.Bothofmyparents_______(be)workers.3).詞組
A)bothand連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).同義詞組:notonlybutalso反義詞組:neithernor
NotonlyyoubutalsoshelikeswatchingTV.=____you_____shelikewatchingTV.=YoulikewatchingTV,__________she.
B)eitheror或者或者,neithernor既不也不連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞實(shí)行就近原則.
Neitheryounorhe______(be)right.
OneofLilyandLucyisgoingtothepark.=_____Lily_____Lucy_____goingtothepark.C)either也可用于否定句中的“也”
D)neither也可表示“也不”句型:neithersb某人也不怎么樣.Ifyoudon’tgothere,__________I.(我也不去)4)howmany/howmuch的回答:用none回答.Who的回答:用noone回答.What的回答:用nothing回答.
Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?__________.Whocananswerthequestion?_______.A.NoneB.NooneC.Nothing
8.other/theother/others/theothers的區(qū)別(空)后面沒有名詞(空)后面有名詞有數(shù)量限制(特指)theotherstheother沒有數(shù)量限制(泛指)
others
other
注:1)onetheother表示兩者之間的一個(gè)另一個(gè)2)someothers表示一些一些
3)another表示三者以上的不確定數(shù)目中的另一個(gè).只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù).
但another+數(shù)字+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=數(shù)字+more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示“另外幾個(gè)”Wouldyoulike______apple?
Ihavetwobrothers,oneisateacher,_________isaworker.
Somearecleaningtheclassroom,______aresweepingthewindow.
Thereare20teachersinourschool.Eightofthemarementeachers,and_____arewomenteachers
everyone每個(gè),人人,大家不與of連用everyone每個(gè)人、物可與of連用9.
Everyoneofushasseenthefilm.Everyoneshoulddotheirbest.10.復(fù)合不定代詞.
some
anynoevery
anythingnothingeverything
everyone
anybodynobodyeverybody
thingbody
somethingsomebody
onesomeoneanyonenoone
注:1.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
2.形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí),形容詞放在不定代詞之后.3.動(dòng)詞不定式修飾不定代詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式放在不定代詞之后.4.復(fù)合不定代詞用于反義疑問句中,
1)指人的不定代詞,其反義疑問句中的主語用he或they.2)指物的不定代詞,其反義疑問句中的主語用it.
5.any,anything,anyone,anyboby也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何/任何物/任何人”Everything______(begin)togrowinspring,______________?Isthere___________(一些有趣的事)intoday’snewpaper?Iwantsomething________(eat).中考專題四:數(shù)詞
基數(shù)詞:表示人或事物數(shù)量多少的詞.序數(shù)詞:表示人或事物的順序的詞.一.基數(shù)詞.
1.基數(shù)詞的讀法.
1)1---12:onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve
2)13---19:詞尾加-teen:thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen
3)20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90:逢十詞尾加-ty:twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety4)21----99:在十位與個(gè)位之間加連字符構(gòu)成.
21---twenty-one99---ninety-nine
5)101---999:先說幾百,再加and,再加末尾兩位數(shù)或個(gè)位數(shù).
101---onehundredandone238----twohundredandthirty-eight
6)1000以上的數(shù):先將數(shù)字從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)用一個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開,從右往左第一個(gè)逗號(hào)表示“千”讀thousand第二個(gè)逗號(hào)表示“百萬”讀million第三個(gè)逗號(hào)表示“十億”讀billion18,657,421---eighteenmillion,sixhundredandfifty-seventhousand,fourhundredandtwenty-one.二.序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞
口訣:基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾要加th.一二三,特殊記,詞尾分別tdd(firstsecondthird)八去t,九去e,ve要用f替.ty變作tie,再加th莫忘記.若遇幾十幾,只變個(gè)位就可以.三.數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用.
1.表編號(hào).
結(jié)構(gòu):名詞(首字母要大寫)+基數(shù)詞=the+序數(shù)詞+名詞LessonOne=thefirstlesson
注:有些編號(hào),一般僅用第一種表達(dá)法。
Room101101號(hào)房間
2.序數(shù)詞前一般加定冠詞the但序數(shù)詞前與不定冠詞a/an連用時(shí),表示“又一,再一”You’vedoneitthreetimes.Whynottry____fourthtime?A.aB.anC.theD./
3.數(shù)詞前加every,表示每/每隔.
everytendays=everyninthday每十天(每隔九天)
注:every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=every+(序數(shù)詞-1)+單數(shù)名詞4.基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示年代和年齡
1)表示年代:inthe+年份的復(fù)數(shù)在幾世紀(jì)幾十年代.在十九世紀(jì)七十年代._________________________.
2)表年齡:inone’s+整十的復(fù)數(shù)表示在某人幾十歲時(shí)在他四十歲時(shí):___________________.
5.hundred/thousand/million/billion
1).若hundred/thousand/million/billion前有基數(shù)詞時(shí),其后不加s,也不加of.若沒有時(shí),既加s也要帶of.
Everyyear_______visitorscometoChina.Therearetwo_______studentsinourschool.
A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandsofD.thousandof2).若其前有afew、many、several修飾時(shí),通常用復(fù)數(shù),后接of.3).若名詞前有the修飾時(shí),用單數(shù),后接of
Two______thestudentsinourschoolarefromthecountryside.A.hundredB.hundredofC.hundredsofD.hundreds6.幾個(gè)半的表達(dá)法:
基數(shù)詞+and+ahalf+名詞復(fù)數(shù)=基數(shù)詞+名詞(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))+and+ahalftwoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf7.時(shí)刻表達(dá)法:
1)整點(diǎn):基數(shù)詞+o’clock2)幾點(diǎn)幾分:
A).直接讀法:先讀小時(shí),后讀分鐘3:25----threetwenty-fiveB).間接讀法:
a)≤30分鐘.分鐘+past+小時(shí)3:25----twenty-fivepastthreeb)>30分鐘.(60-分鐘)+to+(小時(shí)數(shù)+1)
3:55-----fivetofour
c)30分鐘=half15分鐘=aquarter45分鐘=threequarters3:30---halfpastthree3:15----aquarterpastthree3:45----aquartertofour8.日期表達(dá)法:
結(jié)構(gòu):1).月日,年(日用序數(shù)詞,年用基數(shù)詞)
注:年份的讀法:先讀前兩位數(shù),再讀后兩位數(shù).讀日時(shí)要加the.1900---nineteenhundred1807----eightandseven(eightoseven)201*---twothousandeight
201*年3月21日.---Marchthetwenty-first,twothousandandseven.2).日月年(the+序數(shù)詞+of+月,年)
201*年3月21日---thetwenty-firstofMarch,twothousandandseven.
9.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)法:
1).結(jié)構(gòu):a).分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞.b).當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母加復(fù)數(shù).3/4---threefourths(three-fourths)2).注意:
a).分?jǐn)?shù)詞的幾種特殊形式.1/3onethird=athird1/4onefourth=aquarter1/2onesecond=ahalf
3/4threefourths=threequarters
b).分?jǐn)?shù)詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)詞后面的名詞來確定.Twofifthsofthemilk______(be)drunkbyTom.Onethirdofthestudents_______(be)girls.中考專題五:介詞一.介詞at/in/on.
1.表示時(shí)間:
1).表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn),某一時(shí)刻/年齡
atsixo’clockatnoonatthattimeatthemomentattheageofatnight
2)in表示時(shí)間段,一天的三個(gè)時(shí)間段以及月份,年,季節(jié),世紀(jì),人生的某個(gè)時(shí)期(某人幾十歲時(shí))inthemorning/afternoon/eveninginspring/in201*/inMarch
inthetwenty-firstcenturyinhisfifties
3)on表示星期幾/某一具體的日子/具體某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三個(gè)時(shí)間段名詞前有修飾語或后有修飾語時(shí).
OnMondayonNewYear’sDayonSundaymorningonarainynightontheeveningofApril1st,201*2表地點(diǎn):
1)at一般指較小的地點(diǎn)或較具體的位置atthestationatthecinema
2)in表示在較大的地點(diǎn)或一個(gè)有限空間里.inChinaintheclassroom3)on指在某物體的表面上.onthedesk注意:
寫街道時(shí),若有門牌號(hào)用at,否則用on/in都可.Helivesat270DongChang’anStreet.二.介詞in/on/to表方位:
1.in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關(guān)系)Tanwanis____thesoutheastofChina.2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切關(guān)系)
Hubeiis____thenorthofHunan.
3.to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關(guān)系)Japanis_____theeastofChina.
三.between/among在之間1.between:指兩者之間.在.之間.
2.among:用于三者或三者以上人或物之間.在之中.Yousit_____himandme.
Thesongispopular______thestudents.四.after/in在之后
1.after
1)after+時(shí)間段.表示以過去某一時(shí)刻為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間之后,用于過去時(shí).2)after作介詞.afterdoingsth
2.in+一段時(shí)間.表示說話時(shí)或以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的將來一段時(shí)間之后.用于將來時(shí).Hecameback______twodays.
Hewillgohome___finishinghishomework.Hewillcomeback_____twodays.五.with/in/by表示“用”
1.with表示“用”一般指有形的工具/手段/人體器官.Hecuttheappleintohalves____aknife.注:with表伴隨,“帶有,含有”
Hecamein_____abigsmileonhisface.
2.in表示用某種語言,方式,途徑.或書寫/繪畫所用的材料.也可表交通方式.Canyousayit_____English?
Hewrotealetter____blueink.
3.by表示乘坐交通工具,表示方式,方法Istudyforatest_____workingwithagroup.Hemakesaliving____sellingnewspapers.注意:同義詞組
1).byphone=onthephone2).bycar=inacar
3).inpen=withapen=withpens六.across/through/over/by經(jīng)過
1.across指橫穿,穿過.表示動(dòng)作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過.2.through指穿過,透過,表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過.
3.over表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過,不與表面接觸.4.by表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過.
Canyouswim______theriver?
theelephantissobigthatitcan’tgo_____thegate.Idon’tthinkanyonecanjump___thefence.Iwalked_____thebankofChinayesterday.七.infrontof/inthefrontof
1.inthefrontof表示在.內(nèi)部的前面2.infrontof表示在外面的前面
Thereisadeskin_____frontofourclassroom.Thereisabigtreein_____frontofourclassroom.八.其它介詞的用法:1.at的其它用法.
1).表示“從事或正在做某事”,其后加的名詞往往不加冠詞.Sheisatworknow=Sheisworkingnow.
2)at表示“價(jià)格或速度”
Thetrainranat120kilometresanhour.2.in的其它用法:
1)in表示“在方面”詞組:dowellin=begoodat
beweakin
2)in表示“穿著”后接表顏色的詞或衣服.詞組:bein+衣服=bewearing+衣服3)in作副詞,“在家”=athome3.like的用法:
1).像/和一樣.常與系動(dòng)詞連用.詞組:looklikesoundlike2).與what連用,“是什么樣子,怎樣”.Whatishelike?Heiskind.4.off的用法:
1).從下來,脫離某物體.詞組:falloff
2).“休假”通常放在時(shí)間名詞之后.詞組:have+時(shí)間+off
Hehasn’thadanightofffortwohours.
5.except/besides
1).except除了.之外,都..不包括在范圍之內(nèi).注:nothingbut除了之外,什么也沒有.
2).besdies除了之外,還有.包括在范圍之內(nèi).Weallwentswimming______Lucy.Thereis_______aletterinthebox.
WestudyJapaneseandFrench____English.6.with/without
1).with具有,含有-----反義詞:without沒有
詞組:withthehelpof=withone’shelp=becauseof=thankstowithoutone’shelp2).without的用法:
A).without+sb./sth.沒有某人或某物
B).without+doingsth.
Heleftherewithout____(say)—Goodbye‖tousC).withoutsth常與if引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句.
Ifthereisnowater,wecan’tlive.=Wecan’tlive_____________.
7.onthetree/inthetree
onthetree表示“樹上本身長(zhǎng)的東西”在樹上.而inthetree表示或物在樹上.
Therearesomeapples_____thetree.Thereisaboy____thetree.8.since/for
注:since/for用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).1).since:
a).since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)
11人“外界的物體進(jìn)入樹中”
b).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+一般過去時(shí)c).since+一段時(shí)間+ago.
2)for:for+一段時(shí)間=since+一段時(shí)間+ago9.bemade+介詞的區(qū)別:
bemadeof由制成(看得見原材料)bemadefrom由制成(看不見原材料)bemadein+地點(diǎn)由哪兒生產(chǎn)bemadebysb.由某人制造10.表示“數(shù)量的介詞”
about,roundaroundover
1).about,roundaround表示“大約”2).over表示“超過”=morethan.
11.inside/outside
Inside在里面------反義詞:outside在.外面
12.inthewall/onthewall
inthewall表示“門窗在墻上”onthewall表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”九.不用介詞的情況:
1).當(dāng)時(shí)間狀為:tonight,today,yesterday,tomorrow等時(shí),不用介詞.Whatareyougoingtodotonight?
2).含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等時(shí)間狀語.HewenttoWuhanlastweek.
3).以all開頭的時(shí)間狀語前面不用介詞.
Hehasworkedallday.
4).以some,any,one等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語前不用介詞.
Hemetabadmanonecoldmorning.=Hemetabadmanonacoldmorning.中考考點(diǎn)六:連詞
一.并列連詞和連詞短語
并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組或從句。常見的連詞有and,but,or,so,bothand,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等。
1.and
1).and表示“和、且”在肯定句中連接并列的成分。
Heislaughingandtalking.
2).祈使句+and,“and”表示“那么”之意。=If
Studyhard,andyouwillsucceed.=__________studyhard,youwillsucceed.3).adj/adv+and+adj/adv表示“漸漸”。Hemakesmistakesagainandagain.2.but
表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞,意為“但是”Heispoor,buthonest.3.or
1).or有“或”的意思,表示一種選擇
Wouldyouliketeaorwater?
2).“祈使句,or”or表示否則。=Ifnot,..Studyhard,oryouwillfail.=_____you_____studyhard,youwillfail.3).or用在否定句中表示并列關(guān)系。Hecan’treadorwrite.
4.both
1).both“兩者都”,后面的名詞、動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)。Boththeanswersareright.2).bothof….
Bothofusarestudents.3).both…and…
Bothyouandsheareright.
5.either/either…or
1).either“兩者當(dāng)中任何一個(gè)”,后有of時(shí)接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,無of時(shí)接單數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Youmayweareitherofthehats.
2).eitheror“不是就是,或者
或者.”動(dòng)詞與臨近的主語保持一致。即“就近原則”.
Eitheryouorhehastogo=Eitherheoryouhavetogo.6.neither/neither…nor…
1).neither“兩者當(dāng)中都不”,后有of時(shí)接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,無of時(shí)接單數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Neitheroftheanswers______(be)right.
2).neither.nor“既不.也不”動(dòng)詞與臨近的主語保持一致。即“就近原則”.NeitheryounorIamright.=NeitherInoryouareright.二.從屬連詞
從屬連詞是引導(dǎo)從句的連詞。1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞
1).that連接由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)變而來的賓語從句。
2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how連接由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來的賓語從句。3).if/whether連接由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來的賓語從句。2.引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞
1).時(shí)間狀語從句:when,before,after,until,assoonas(主將從現(xiàn))2).條件狀語從句:if,unless3).原因狀語從句:because
4).方式狀語從句:than
5).結(jié)果狀語從句:sothat,suchthat6).讓步狀語從句:though/although7).目的狀語從句:sothat
3.不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中的連詞。
1).because,so不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里,只用其中之一。
Becauseinourschoolknewhim,sowehadnotroubleinfindinghim.2).though/although,but不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里,只用其中之一。但though可以與yet,still同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中。
ThoughAustraliaisverylarge,butthepopulationisquitesmall.4.必須用whether的情況。
1).discuss和介詞后的賓語從句用whether.Wearediscussing____we’llholdameeting.I’mworriedabout___shecancometothemeeting2).和不定式、ornot連用必須用whether.Idon’tknow______toleaveornot.中考專題七:形容詞副詞
I.形容詞
一、形容詞的一般用法
1.作定語,一般放在所修飾詞的前面。
It’sacoldandwindyday.
2.作表語,放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound.)
Helookshappytoday.
3.形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),須放在其后。Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink?
4.表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞,應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。Howlongistheriver?It’sabouttwohundredmetreslong.
5.只能作表語的形容詞:afraid;alone;asleep;awake;alive;well健康的;ill;frightenedThemanisill.(正)Theillmanismyuncle.(誤)
6.只能作定語的形容詞:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木質(zhì)的;woolen羊毛質(zhì)的;elder年長(zhǎng)的MyelderbrotherisinBeijing.(正)
Mybrotheriselder.(誤)
7.貌似副詞的形容詞:lonely;friendly;lively;lovely
二、形容詞常用句型
1.“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣”。=Sb+be+adj+todosth
注意:這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞,如good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right(正確的),wrong等。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.(=Youareverykindtohelpme.)
2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事對(duì)某人來說怎么樣”。=Todosthisadjforsb.
注意:這一句型中常用的形容詞有important,necessary,difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等。
It’snoteasyforthemtolearnaforeignlanguage.(=Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasyforthem.)3.表示感情或情緒的形容詞,如glad,pleased,sad,thankful等常接不定式。
I’mverysadtohearthebadnews.
4.表示能力和意志的形容詞,如ready(樂意的,有準(zhǔn)備的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。
LeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heissuretogettoschoolontime.Ⅱ副詞
一、副詞的分類
副詞按詞匯意義可分為:
方式副詞:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly
程度副詞:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地點(diǎn)副詞:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home時(shí)間副詞:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still頻度副詞:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副詞:no,not,neither,nor疑問副詞:where,how,why其他:also,too,only二、副詞的基本用法:
1).副詞是用來修飾形容詞、其他副詞,一般放在被修飾詞之前.Heplaysthepianoverywell.
2).副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞,常放在動(dòng)詞之后.Hegotupquickly
3).enough修飾adj/adv時(shí),放在其后.
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.三、常見副詞用法辨析1.already與yet的區(qū)別
already用于肯定句句中,表示“已經(jīng)”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“還”,用于疑問句句末,表示“已經(jīng)”
Hehad_____leftwhenIcalled.
Haveyoufoundyourruler______?
2very,much和verymuch.的區(qū)別
very用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí);much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí);修飾動(dòng)詞要用verymuch.
Johnis____honest.
Thisgardenis_____biggerthanthatone.Thankyou_____.3.so與such的區(qū)別
⑴so修飾形容詞或副詞;such修飾名詞,MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.Heissuchaboy.
⑵so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)
such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞Heis___cleveraboy.=Heis____acleverboy.Itis____coldweather.
Theyare_____goodstudents.
⑶名詞前有many,much,few,little(少量的)用so不用such.(多多少少仍用so)但little表示“小的”用such.Thereare___littlesheeponthehill.4.also,too,aswell與either的區(qū)別
also,aswell,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前;aswell,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。例如,Myfatherisateacher.Mymotheris____ateacher.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher______.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher,_____.
Ican’tspeakFrenchJennycan’tspeakFrench,_____.5.sometime,sometimes,sometime與sometimes的區(qū)別sometime:表示將來的或過去的某一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間。sometimes:有時(shí),不時(shí)的=attimessometime:一段時(shí)間sometimes:幾次,幾倍
We’llhaveatest______nextmonth.
_____wearebusyandsometimeswearenot.
HestayedinBeijingfor_____lastyear.IhavebeentoBeijing______.6.ago與before的區(qū)別
ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”,常與一般過去時(shí)連用,不可以單獨(dú)使用。
before指過去或?qū)淼哪硶r(shí)刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成時(shí)連用,可以單獨(dú)使用。Isawhimtenminutes_______.
Hetoldmethathehadseenthefilm______.7.now,just與justnow的區(qū)別
now:與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,意為“現(xiàn)在”just:與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,表示“剛”justnow:和過去時(shí)連用,表示“剛才”Wheredoeshelive______?Wehave_______seenthefilm.
Hewashere______.8.lonely/alone的區(qū)別
1).alone獨(dú)自一人/沒有同伴,既可作adj也可作adv.
2).lonely表示孤獨(dú),寂寞,也可修飾地點(diǎn),表示荒涼,偏僻的,常與feel連用。
3).alone只作表語(以a開頭的形容詞一般只作表語,不作定語)而lonely既可作表語,也可作定語)Helives_____ona_____island.Heis_____,buthedoesn’tfeel______.9.fast/quickly/soon的區(qū)別.
fast表示速度之快quickly表示動(dòng)作之快soon表示時(shí)間之快I’mleavinghomethisafternoon.Really?Whyso______?A.fastB.soonC.quicklyD.earlyⅢ、形容詞,副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)一、規(guī)則變化
1.一般在詞尾直接加er或est,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest2.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st,nice-nicer-nicest
3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,把y變?yōu)閕,再加er或est,heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重讀閉音節(jié),末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加er或est,big-bigger-biggest注:大,紅,濕,熱,悲,瘦,胖.雙寫末輔再變級(jí).(big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat)
5.部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和most構(gòu)成最高級(jí),beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful
注:表示否定意義在其前加less/least
important----lessimportant----leastimportant
EnglishismoreinterestingthanChinese=ChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish.6.由“形容詞+ly”構(gòu)成的副詞,在其前加more/mostslowly---moreslowly----mostslowly;但earlyearlier---earliest二、不規(guī)則變化
原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestmany/much
more
most
littlelessleastoldold/elder
old/eldest
farthest/furthest
bad/badly/illworseworst
farfarther(距離)/further(程度)
下列單、雙音節(jié)詞只能加more和most原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)like(想似的)morelikemostlikereal(真的)morerealmostreal
tiredmoretiredmosttired
pleasedmorepleasedmostpleased
oftenmoreoftenmostoften
注:形容詞,副詞同形有:back,high,well,fast,early,late,straight
Ⅳ形容詞,副詞等級(jí)的用法一、原級(jí)的用法
1.只能修飾原級(jí)的詞,very,quite,so,tooHeistootiredtowalkon.
MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.2.原級(jí)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)A=B-----A+as+adj/adv的原級(jí)+as+B表示“A和B一樣”
TomisasoldasKate.TomrunsasfastasMike.
(2)A<B---A+not+as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B表示“A不如B”Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.二、比較級(jí)的用法1.可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞.
much,alot,far,的多alittle,abit,一點(diǎn)兒even甚至,still仍然
LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.2.比較級(jí)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)
“甲+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”TomistallerthanKate.
Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.三.最高級(jí)的用法
1).結(jié)構(gòu):the+最高級(jí)+of+人或物(in+地點(diǎn))Heisthetallestofalltheboys
Heworkshardestinhisclass.注:副詞的最高級(jí)前the可省掉
2).the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞的最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.3).oneof+the+形容詞的最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
Heisoneoftheclevereststudentsinourclass.
4).“特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級(jí)+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比較。Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best,spring,summerorautumn?四.級(jí)別的轉(zhuǎn)換
1).原級(jí)與比較級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
a).倍數(shù)+asas→(倍數(shù)-1)+比較級(jí)+than
Thisroomisfivetimesasbigasthatone=Thisroomis______biggerthanthatone.b).notasas與比較級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
A+notasas+B→A+比較級(jí)(反義詞的比較級(jí))+than+B→B+比較級(jí)+than+AMaryisnotasoldasTom.=Maryis__________Tom.
=Tomis_________Mary.
Thisbookisnotasexpensiveasthatone=Thisbookis__________thanthatone=Thatbookis_____
______thanthisone.
2).比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
a).the+最高級(jí)+of/in
b).比較級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞+theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+anyoneelse
+anyoftheother+復(fù)名c).Nobodyelse+比較級(jí)+thanTomisthetallestboyinourclass.
Tomistallerthan________boyinourclass.Tomistallerthan_________inourclass.__________istallerthanTominourclass.五.級(jí)別的慣用法
1.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來越”。
Heisgettingtallerandtaller.
2.“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”表示“越,越”。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.
3.“甲+be+the+形容詞比較級(jí)+ofthetwo+”表示“甲是兩者中較的”。(ofthetwins/parents…)
Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.
4.當(dāng)adj的最高級(jí)前有物主代詞,名詞所有格,指示代詞時(shí),不用the.Thisismybestbookofall.
5.相比較的前后兩部分必須是同類比較.
Mypencilislongerthan______(you).6.比較時(shí)不能與自身相比
注:當(dāng)相比較的兩者屬于同一范圍/類別時(shí),為了與自身相比較,要用anyother+單數(shù)名詞.若兩者不屬于同一范圍/類別時(shí),不必用other,直接用any+單數(shù)名詞.Heistallerthan_____boyinhisclass.Heistallerthan_____boyinourclass.
A.anyB.anyother
7.有些含有比較級(jí)的句子里,常用that(單數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞)、those(復(fù)數(shù)名詞)代替前面提到的詞,以避免重復(fù)。
TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthan____inGuangzhouinwinter.Theboysinourclassaremorethan_____inyourclass.中考考點(diǎn)八:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
1.概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。也可表客觀規(guī)律以及在時(shí)間,條件狀語從句中表將來時(shí)(主將從現(xiàn))2.時(shí)間狀語:
always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):
①be動(dòng)詞;am/is/are②行為動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)。4.否定形式:
①am/is/are+not;②don’t/doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+5.一般疑問句:
①把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;②Do/Does++動(dòng)詞原形+?
二、一般過去時(shí):1.概念:
過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。2.時(shí)間狀語:
ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,thismorning3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):
①be動(dòng)詞;was/were②行為動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞的過去式4.否定形式:
①was/were+not;②didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形5.一般疑問句:
①was或were放于句首;②Did++動(dòng)詞原形?三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):1.概念:
表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2.時(shí)間狀語:
now,atthistime,thesedays,look,listen,canyousee?Can’tyousee?之類的暗示語。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑問句:Is/Are+doingsth?四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí):
1.概念:
表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
2.時(shí)間狀語:
atthis/thattimeyesterday,atthattime,atsixyesterdayevening,fromeighto’clocktonineo’clocklastnight或以when/while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+when+一般過去時(shí)/一般過去時(shí)+while+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)/過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+while+過去進(jìn)行時(shí))。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):1.概念:
過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語:
recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,already,yet,never,ever,just,before,sofar,once,twiceetc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+done
4.否定形式:have/has+not+done.5.一般疑問句:把have或has放于句首。6.反義疑問句:直接用has/have進(jìn)行反問7.注意:
1).havebeento/havegoneto/havebeenin的區(qū)別
havebeento+地點(diǎn)表示曾經(jīng)去過某地,現(xiàn)人已返回。(once,twice.)havegoneto+地點(diǎn)表示人已去了某地,人還未返回。(whereissb?)
havebeenin+地點(diǎn)表示在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。(for../since..)2).與時(shí)間段連用時(shí),短暫性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
Come/goto------beat/inleave----beawayfrombuy----haveborrow/lend-----keepopen---beopenclose---becloseddie---deadstart/begin----beonjoin--bein/beamemberof/beasoldierbecomebemakefriend---befriendgetup---beup
fallasleep---beasleepcatchacoldhaveacoldreach/get/arrive---stay/be3).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的四種句型:
A).主語+短暫性動(dòng)詞的過去式+時(shí)間+ago
B).主語+have/has+延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+for./since.ago.C).It’s+時(shí)間段+since+短暫性動(dòng)詞的過去式D).時(shí)間段+haspassed+since+短暫性動(dòng)詞的過去式Hisgrandfatherdiedtwoyearsago.
Hisgrandfatherhas________fortwoyears.
_____twoyears_____hisgrandfather____.
Twoyears____________hisgrandfather_____.4).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài),他側(cè)重于過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于表示過去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在無關(guān),若詢問該動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體的時(shí)間時(shí),只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Hashereturnedthelibrarybook?Yes,hehas.
When____he_____(return)it?He____(return)ityesterdayafternoon.六、過去完成時(shí):1.概念:
以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。2.時(shí)間狀語:
1).before+過去時(shí)間,by+過去時(shí)間,bytheendoflastyear(term,month)2).bythetime+從句(一般過去時(shí)),主句(過去完成時(shí))
3).用于由when,after,before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,前后兩動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去。過去完成時(shí)+when/before+一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)+after+過去完成時(shí)4).用于賓語從句中。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):had+done.4.否定形式:had+not+done.5.一般疑問句:把had放于句首。七、一般將來時(shí):
1.概念:
表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.時(shí)間狀語:
tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,in+一段時(shí)間,by,thedayaftertomorrow,thisevening,tonight3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):
1).am/is/are/goingto+do;2).will/shall+do.
3).用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來,動(dòng)詞come,go,start,leave,fly,move,begin,get.
4).當(dāng)主句為一般將來時(shí),由if,assoonas,until,when,before,after,unless引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。4.否定形式:
①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn"t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問句:
①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。八、過去將來時(shí):
1.概念:
立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。2.時(shí)間狀語:
thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),bythen,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):
①was/were/goingto+do;②would/should+do.4.否定形式:
①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would/should+not+do.5.一般疑問句:
①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。中考考點(diǎn)九:被動(dòng)語態(tài)一.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài):1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):was/were+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞3.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):willbe+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):
am/is/are+being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):
have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
二.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的變法:
口訣:賓變主,主變賓,謂變bedone,時(shí)不變,數(shù)格必須隨被變。注:1.主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
2.主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)的句式要一致。
3.變成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語與謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。三.特殊情況的被動(dòng)語態(tài):1.帶雙賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài):
動(dòng)詞+sb(間賓)+sth(直賓)
口訣:如遇雙賓語,一般變間賓,若把直賓變,to/for間賓連。1).give/pass/show與介詞to搭配。
givesbsthsb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.
2).buy/make/cook與介詞for搭配。
buysbsthsb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsbHegavemeabook
I____________abookbyhim.Abook_____________mebyhim.Mymothermademeacake.
I_________acakebymymother
Acake____________mebymymother.
2.帶省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):動(dòng)詞+sb+dosth.
口訣:感使動(dòng)詞真叫怪,to來to去記心懷,主動(dòng)語態(tài)to離去,被動(dòng)語態(tài)to回來。動(dòng)詞:make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth----sb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkallday
Theworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.
3.在see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),doing不變。IheardTomsingingjustnow
Tom_______________bymejustnow.
4.以動(dòng)詞短語作謂語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.
Theoldshould_____________________.四.注意事項(xiàng):
1.有些及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài):last,have,own…..belongto,suit…fine,2.不及物動(dòng)詞是沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài):happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容納)3.系動(dòng)詞是沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài):Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….Thedishtastesgood.
4.有些詞組沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài):
sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellThiskindofskirtsellswell.
5.need表示需要時(shí),后面常接doing形式表示被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=
Allthecomputersneed_______________.
6.在tooto及enoughto結(jié)構(gòu)中有時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義。Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.中考考點(diǎn)十:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
1.can用法
1)表示能力,與beableto同義,但can只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí),beableto可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。Twoeyescanseemorethanone.
注:Canyou?Yes,Ican/No,Ican’t.
2).表示允許、請(qǐng)求
用could比can語氣更加委婉客氣,常用于couldI/you..?句型中,若表示同意時(shí),用can回答而不用could.
CouldIborrowthebook?No,youcan’t.
3)。表示推測(cè)“可能”常用于否定句或疑問句中。(can’t表示一定不是)Itcan’tbetrue.Canitbetrue?2.may用法
1)表允許,請(qǐng)求=can
表示許可或征求對(duì)方的許可,常于第一人稱連用。注:MayI.?Yes,youmayNo,youcan’t/mustn’t.
在回答以may引起的問句時(shí),多避免用這個(gè)詞,而用其它方式,如Yes,please./Certainly.2)表推測(cè),可能、也許。常用于肯定句中。Maybeheknowsthenews.=
He__________thenews.3.must
1)表示義務(wù)。意為“必須”(主觀意志)。
Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.
注:MustI.?Yes,youmust/No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).--Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?--No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.2)mustn’t表禁止、不允許。
Youmustn’ttalktoherlikethat.
3)表示揣測(cè)。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。否定、疑問句中must改為can.Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.
She’swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.注:must表推測(cè)時(shí),其反義疑問句與must后面的動(dòng)詞一致。
Theremustbesomethingwrong,________?4.need的用法
need既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主要否定句或疑問句中。用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),可用于各種句式。
1).用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,用于否定句和疑問句中。a).NeedI….?Yes,youmust/No,youneedn’t.Needwefinishtheworktoday?Yesyou__?A.needB.canC.mayD.must
b).need+dosth.變否定句:needn’tdosth變疑問句:Needsbdosth?2).用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
a).need+todosth.Weneed_______(buy)someschoolthings.變否定句:don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+needtodosth.變疑問句:Do/Does/Didsb+needtosth?
Yes,…do/does/didNo,sbdon’t/doesn’t/didn’t.
Youdon’tneedtodoityourself.
b).當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)。Sth+need+doingsth=Sth+needtobedone.Thetableneedspainting.=Thetableneeds_______________.5.hadbetter的用法
1).hadbetter+動(dòng)詞原形=It’sbesttodosth.
Youhadbetter______(stay)athome.=_________________stayathome.2).Hadbetternot+動(dòng)詞原形
Wehadbetter________(notplay)thecomputergames.
6.must與haveto
1).一般情況下,兩者可互換。must=haveto
2).must“必須,應(yīng)該”表示說話人的主觀看法,即說話人認(rèn)為必須干某事。(內(nèi)在原因)haveto“必須,不得不”強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要,即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。(外界原因)Ican’tstopplayingthecomputergames.Foryourhealth,I’mafraidyou______.A.canB.mayC.mustD.hadto二.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟完成式和進(jìn)行式的用法
1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟完成式,表“原本應(yīng)該干某事,而實(shí)際上沒干”Ishouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.
Heisn’there.Hemusthavemissedthetrain.2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟進(jìn)行式,表示“想必正在”,“可能正在”,“應(yīng)當(dāng)正在”等意。It’stwelveo’clock.Theymustbehavinglunch.Theymaybediscussingthisproblem.
Hecan’tbetellingthetruth.
Sheshouldn’tbeworkinglikethat.She’sstillsoweak.三.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的同義轉(zhuǎn)換.1.can=beableto2.must=haveto
3.needn’t=don’thaveto4.needdosth=needtodosth.中考考點(diǎn)十一:非謂語動(dòng)詞一、動(dòng)詞不定式
1.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。
1)在動(dòng)詞want,hope,wouldlike,decide,wish,choose,try,need等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。Ihope______(hear)fromyousoon.
2)think/find/feel/makeit+adj+todosthHefounditdifficult_______(get)tosleep.
3).stoptodosth/stopdoingsth
stoptodosth停下來去做某事stopdoingsth停止正在做的事。Afterworkingforalongtime,Hehastostop_______(have)arest.Hewasverytired,sohehadtostop______(work).2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)。
1).帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask/like/wouldlike/teach/tell/want/help+sb+todosthPleaseaskhim_________(come)quickly.
2).省掉to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:let/make/hear/see/notice/have/watch+sb+dosth注:省掉to的不定式的句子變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),需要還原to.Hemadethebaby_______(stop)crying.Thebabywasmade___________crying.3.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語
1).動(dòng)詞不定式?捎米骶渥拥闹髡Z時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。2).常用it作形式主語,而將不定式放在句子后面。Todosth+謂語動(dòng)詞+adj/n=It+謂語動(dòng)詞+adj/n+todosth
Togetaninjectionisalittlepainful.
_____alittlepainful________aninjection
4.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語
動(dòng)詞不定式作定語放在被修飾詞之后
名詞或代詞+todo(介詞)
注:若構(gòu)成的不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后加上相應(yīng)的介詞。Iwantapentowrite______.
Iwantapieceofpapertowrite______.5.動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用疑問詞+todosth
注:在賓語從句中,若主從句的主語一致時(shí),賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+todosth”.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothehospital?Canyoutellme_____________thehospital.6.動(dòng)詞不定式可作狀語1).動(dòng)詞不定式可作目的狀語
在come/go/leave后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。
Hecamehere______(get)hisbook.2).動(dòng)詞不定式可作原因狀語
表語形容詞(sorry/sad/happy/glad/afraid/pleased)后與動(dòng)詞不定式連用作原因狀語Hewasglad_______(see)hiswife.3).動(dòng)詞不定式可作結(jié)果狀語
在tooto,notenoughto句型中的動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語。Hewastootired_______(walk)on.7.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語
be+todosth
注:動(dòng)詞不定式作表語可以和主語的位置互換,且常表將來。Herwishis_______(become)adoctor.__________isherwish.8.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式在動(dòng)詞不定式的前面加not.
Hetoldme_______(notstay)here.
9.動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的省略和保留情況。1).動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的省略情況
若兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式并列時(shí),第一個(gè)不定式符號(hào)不能省略,其余的省掉to.但兩者有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí),to都不能省略。
Edison’smothertaughthimtowriteandread.
Ihaven’tdecidedtogohomeortogotothecinema.2)省掉不定式而保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的情況。Willyoutakeawalkwithme?I’mgladto.Wouldyouliketojoinmybirthdayparty?Iwouldloveto.二、動(dòng)名詞
1.動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Readinginbed______(be)badforyoureyes.
2.有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后面,只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。三、現(xiàn)在分詞
1.現(xiàn)在分詞常放在see,hear,watch,notice等之后作賓補(bǔ)。Isawtheboy____(play)inthestreetjustnow.
2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常放在被修飾詞之前,現(xiàn)在分詞短語要放在被修飾詞的后面,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。
Asleepingbaby=ababywhoissleeping.DidyouknowthemantalkingtoMrLi?=DidyouknowthemanwhowastalkingtoMrLi?3.現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況
Hecameintotheclassroom,carryingabook.四、過去分詞
1.作賓補(bǔ)
have/get+sth+done表示請(qǐng)別人干某事IhadmyTVrepairedlastnight.2.作定語
單一的過去分詞作定語,要放在被修飾詞的前面,過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾詞的后面,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。
HaveyoueverreadanybookswrittenbyLuxun?
Haveyoueverreadanybooks__________writtenbyLuxun?3.作表語過去分詞作表語已經(jīng)形容詞化Mycupisbroken.
七年級(jí)至九年級(jí)的非謂語動(dòng)詞一.接動(dòng)詞不定式(todo/dosth)
1.liketodosth2.likesbtodosth3.Let’s(not)dosth4.wanttodosth5.wantsbtodosth6.lovetodosth7.asksb(not)todosth8.stoptodosth
9.tellsb(not)todosth10.watchsbdosth11.It’stime(forsb)todosth12.helpsb(to)dosth13.helpdosth14.makesbdosth15.decide(not)todosth16.findit+adj+todosth17.havetodosth18.try(not)todosth19.tryone’sbesttodosth
20.It’s+adj+(for)of+sb+todosth21.plantodosth22.S.p.+beagoodplacetodosth23.Ittakessb+sometime+todosth24.sendsbtodosth25.invitesbtodosth26.forgettodosth27.livetobe+時(shí)間28.beabletodosth29.havesthtodo30.seemtodosth31.getsb/sthtodosth32.疑問詞+todosth33.needsthtodosth34.usesthtodosth35.followsbtosth36.needtodosth37.agoodtimetodosth38.thebesttimetodosth39.thebestwaytodosth40.bethefirst/lastonetodosth41.wouldliketodosth42.beexcited/surprisedtodosth43.beusefultodosth
44.beallowedtodosth45.allowsbtodosth46.It’sbettertodosth47.It’sbesttodosth48.takecare(not)todosth49.seesbdosth50.whynotdosth?51.haveenoughtimetodosth52.too…todosth53.not…enoughtodosth54.encouragesbtodosth55.choosetosth56.waittodosth57.behappy/glad/pleasedtodosth58.makeit+adj+todosth
59.becarefultodosth60.beafraidtodosth61.It’sourdutytodosth62.usedtodosth63.can’taffordtodosth64.makeadecisiontodosth65.haveanopportunitytodosth66.waitforsbtodosth67.woulddosthratherthandosth68.wouldratherdosththandosth69.hurrytodosth70.refusetodosth71.agreetodosth72.pretendtodosth
73.pretendtobedoingsth74.prefertodosth75.prefernottodosth76.prefertodosthraherthandosth77.bewillingtodosth78.volunteer+時(shí)間/錢+todosth79.volunteertodosth
80.offertodosth81.rushtodosth82.inorder(not)todosth83.becertaintodosth
84.besuretodosth85.makeplanstodosth86.gooutoftheirwaytodosth87.leadsbtodosth88.It’sone’sjobtodosth89.It’sone’sturntodosth90.urgesbtodosth
91.Could/Wouldyouplease(not)dosth?92.besupposedtodosth93.warnsbtodosth
二、接動(dòng)名詞(doingsth)
1.likedoingsth2.enjoydoingsth3.havefundoingsth4.beinterestedindoingsth5.Thanksfordoingsth6.lookatsbdoingsth7.stopsbdoingsth8.stopsbfromdoingsth9.go+v-ing10.dothe(some)+v-ing11.What/Howdoingsth?12.practicedoingsth13.watchsbdoingsth14.findsbdoingsth15.mind(one’s)doingsth16.can’tstanddoingsth17.thinkaboutdoingsth18.spend…(in)doingsth19.finishdoingsth20.bebusydoingsth21.keepdoingsth22.keepsbfromdoingsth23.keepsbdoingsth24.begoodatdoingsth25.hatedoingsth26.Therebe+名詞+doingsth27.makealivingbydoingsth
28.haveadifficulttimedoingsth29.feellikedoingsth30.allowdoingsth31.seesbdoingsth32.bydoingsth33.endupdoingsth34.doasurveyaboutdoingsth35.beafraidofdoingsth36.beusedtodoingsth37.beterrifiedofdoingsth38.giveupdoingsth
39.insteadofdoingsth40.havenothingagainstdoingsth41.beseriousaboutdoingsth42.haveachanceofdoingsth43.before/when/while+doingsth44.startdoingsth45.havealotofexperiencedoingsth46.preferdoingsth47.considerdoingsth48.dreamof/aboutdoingsth49.continuedoingsth50.putoffdoingsth
51.beusedfordoingsth=beusedtodosth52.preferdoingsthtodoingsth53.withoutdoingsth54.becomfortabledoingsth55.can’tstop/helpdoingsth56.lookforwardtodoingsth57.beagainstdoingsth58.havetrouble/problems/difficulty(in)doingsth59.suggestdoingsth60.bebusydoingsth61.beworthdoingsth第二部分:句法中考考點(diǎn)十二:主謂一致一.就近原則
1.由并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞(eitheror,neithernor,notbut,notonlybutalso,or等)連接的并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞與較近的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致。
NeitherhisparentsnorTom_____(be)athome.
2.在倒裝句和therebe句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語保持一致。
There_____(be)abookandsomepensonthedesk.There______(come)thebus.
3.在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞作主語,其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。Iknowthemanwho_____(be)talkingtomyfather.
4.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,連接代詞又在句中作主語,這時(shí)它應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。ItisMary’sbrotherwho_____(be)injuredinthecaraccidentyesterday.二.意義一致原則
1.當(dāng)主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間插入alongwith,with,aswellas,togetherwith,besides,except,but,including等短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與第一個(gè)主語保持一致。
Ialongwithmysister_____(be)goingtoShanghainextmonth.
2.由“what”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。WhatIwanttosay_____(be)just“Takecare!”.
3.“+(of)+名詞”作主語時(shí),若“of”后的名詞為單數(shù)(不可數(shù)名詞),則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),如果名詞為復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Mostofthewaterhere______(be)clean.
80%cotton______have)beensenttoAmerica.80%
Halfoftheapples______(be)red.
6.詞組“anumberof”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù);“thenumberof”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Anumberofancientbuildings_____(be)destroyedinthewar.
Thenumberofthevisitors_____(have)decreasedthisyear.7.英語的集體名詞(family,public,group,team,class等詞),指代“整體”時(shí)為單數(shù);指代“其中的各成員”則為復(fù)數(shù)。
Myfamily____(be)verypoorwhenIwasalittlegirlMyfamily______(be)alllookingforwardforyourcoming.三.整體原則
1.從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Whentoleave_____(be)notbeendecided.
WatchingTVtoomuch_____(be)badforyoureyes.
注:如果主語是兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)的名詞性從句,謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。Whathesaidandwhathedid_____(be)alwaysdifferentlastnight.
2.如果兩個(gè)以上的名詞組成一個(gè)整體概念作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)。Thenovelistandpoet_____(be)goingtoEuropenextyear.
Thenovelistandthepoet_____(be)goingtoEuropenextyear.
3.表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時(shí),通常被視作整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。10minutesisenough.
4.加減乘除等數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
2and3______5.
5.“the+姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“一家人、.夫婦”,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。TheBlacks______(enjoy)workinginChina.四.個(gè)體原則
1.every+.andevery+..或each+andeach+作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Everymanandeverywoman_____(be)busyatworking.
2.英語句中的each,either,neither等詞,作代詞充當(dāng)主語,修飾名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Neitherofus_____(have)beenabroad.Neitheranswer_____(be)wrong.
3.由some,anyevery,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Somebody______(be)waitingforyouattheschoolgate.
4.成雙成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主語時(shí),通常謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),但前面有a/thepairof;a/thesuitof等詞語時(shí),則謂語動(dòng)詞要與量詞(pair,suit,piece)在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。
Apairofscissors_______(be)usefultoolforadressmaker.
Twopiecesofpaper______(be)onthedesk.
5.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),卻表示單數(shù)意義(maths,physics,news)謂語用單數(shù)。Maths_____(be)myfavoritesubject.
6.“the+形容詞(old/young/rich/poor)”表示“一類人”,作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Theyoung______(like)listeningtopopularsongs.
7.“the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“某某夫婦,某某一家人”,作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。TheGreens_______(be)havinglunchnow.中考考點(diǎn)十三:倒裝句
1.當(dāng)句首為副詞here,there且主語為名詞時(shí),應(yīng)用完全倒裝。Herecomesthebus!.Theregoesthebell.!
2.only修飾時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等狀語時(shí),應(yīng)用部分倒裝。Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.
OnlywhenyoutoldmedidIknowhername.
注意:如果only修飾的不是狀語,則句子不倒裝。
OnlyUncleLiknowshowithappened.3.表示對(duì)前者的陳述也適用后者時(shí),肯定倒裝用“so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+后者”,前句事否定,而后面的人也不怎么樣時(shí)用“neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+sb”。HecanspeakEnglish,socanI.
Ifshedoesn’tgotheretomorrow,neither/norwillI.注意
1)“so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”表示前者的主語和后者的主語的情況一樣,所談到的是兩個(gè)人,意為“也是這樣”;2)“so+主語+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”表示前者和后者所指同一人時(shí),說話者表示同意前者的觀點(diǎn),意為“的確如此”。LiLeilikessports.
SohedoesandsodoI.
4.由notonlybutalso引起的并列句,若將notonly置于句首時(shí),該分句應(yīng)部分倒裝,butalso引導(dǎo)的分句不倒裝。
Notonlydidhegivemesomeadvice,butalsohelentmesomemoney.5.“nomatter+疑問詞+從句”或“疑問詞+ever+從句”注:從句應(yīng)用陳述句語序,時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Howeverhardtheproblemis,Imustworkitout.中考考點(diǎn)十四:感嘆句一、結(jié)構(gòu):
What/How+被感嘆的部分+主語+謂語!
Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!二、變法:
一斷,二加,三調(diào)位。
一斷表示在謂語動(dòng)詞的后面斷開,二加表示在斷開的兩部分中間加what或how,三調(diào)位表示前后兩部分對(duì)調(diào)位置。
Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.
一斷:Theyhad/agoodtimeyesterday.二加:Theyhad(what)agoodtimeyesterday.三調(diào)位:Whatagoodtimetheyhadyesterday.三、what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:
1.what+a/an+adj+單數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!_______acleverboyheis!
2.what+adj+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!_______heavyboxestheyare!
3.what+adj+不可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!_______badweather!四、how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:1.How+adj/adv+主語+謂語!
_________hardtheyareworking!
2.How+adj+a/an+單數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!Howtallaboyheis!
3.How+adj/adv+the+名詞+謂語!________heavilytherainisfalling!
五、what與how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:1.Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!=______beautifulthegirlis!2.Howdeliciousthefoodis!=______deliciousfooditis!六、幾個(gè)常見的感嘆句:1.______greatfunitis!2.______importantinformation!3.______goodnews!4.______goodadvice/music!5.______aheavyrain!6.______astrongwind!
七、感嘆句中常見的不可數(shù)名詞:
food,work,weather,fun,music,information,news,advice,中考考點(diǎn)十五:反意疑問句一、結(jié)構(gòu):
陳述句+附加疑問句?It’shottoday,isn’tit?二、原則:
1.前肯后否,前否后肯2.前名后代3.時(shí)態(tài)一致
三、變法:
一疑、二否、三連、四省、五轉(zhuǎn)換(名變代)。四、特殊的附加疑問句:1.I’m……,aren’tI?
I’mright,____________?2.Therebe……,______there?
Therewillbefewerbusesinthefuture,__________?
3.句中有反義詞的句子的反意疑問句,仍把它作為肯定形式。Heisunhappy,___________?
4.Let’s的反意疑問句為shallwe?Let’sgotothemovietogether,__________?5.祈使句的反意疑問句為willyou?
Don’tmissit,__________?
6.若陳述句部分含有never,few,little,hardly,no,seldom,nobody,nothing否定詞、半否定詞時(shí),附加疑問句用肯定形式。
Hecanhardlyunderstandit,___________?7.陳述句的主語為不定代詞時(shí):
1).主語為指人的不定代詞時(shí),附加疑問句的主語用he/they.Noonewashurt,_____________?
2).主語為指物的不定代詞時(shí),附加疑問句的主語用it.
Nothingisserious,______________?
8.表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的附加疑問句,其附加疑問句與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞一致。Hemustbeatschool,____________?
9.陳述句的主語是this,that,these,those時(shí),附加疑問句的主語分別為it,they.
Thisisanewcomputer,____________?Thosearen’tbananatees,_____________?10.當(dāng)陳述句是主從復(fù)合句時(shí),其附加疑問句應(yīng)與主句保持一致。若主句為Ithink/believe/suppose/imagine/expect時(shí),其附加疑問句應(yīng)與從句保持一致。
Hesaidthathewouldleaveheretomorrow,______________?Idon’tthinkyoucandotheseexercisesalone,______________?11.陳述句中有has/have/had時(shí),一定要注意。1).若句中是hasto/haveto/hadto,表“不得不”附加疑問句的謂語用doesn’t/don’t/didn’t進(jìn)行反問.
Theyhadtoleaveearly,____________?2).若句中是has/have/had表“有”,其附加疑問句的謂語用do/does/did進(jìn)行反問。Hehasfewfriendsinthenewschool,____________?
3).若句中是has/have/had+過去分詞時(shí),其反義疑問句的謂語用has/have/had進(jìn)行反問。HehasneverbeentoBeijing,__________?
ShehadstudiedafewEnglishsongsbytheendoflastmonth.,____________?五、反義疑問句的回答:
反義疑問句的回答要根據(jù)事實(shí)作答,若事實(shí)是肯定的,就用yes,+肯定形式。若事實(shí)是否定的,就用No,+否定形式。
注意:在前否后肯的句子中,yes表示“不”而No表示“是的”。Shedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday,didshe?
_________,thoughshewasnotfeelingwell.
A.No,shedidn’tB.No,shedidC.Yes,shedidn’tD.Yes,shedid
考點(diǎn)歸納十六:狀語從句
一、引導(dǎo)詞的選擇:1.時(shí)間狀語從句
1).由when、while、as(當(dāng)時(shí)候)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Whenjackgothome,hismotherwascooking.
2).由after/before(在.之后/前)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Thefootballmatchplayedafterschoolwasover.
3).由assoonas(一..就)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。I’llringyouassoonasIreachBeijing.
4).由not.until(直到..才..)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Theydidn’tstopuntiltheyfinishedthework.2.原因狀語從句
由because、since、as(因?yàn)、既然、由于)引?dǎo)的原因狀語從句。Sinceyouhaveknownaboutthat,pleasetelluswhattodo.3.地點(diǎn)狀語從句
由wherever(無論在哪兒)引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句。Whereverhegoes,healwaysbringshispetdog.4.目的狀語從句
由sothat(以便、為的是)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。Hegotupveryearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.5.條件狀語從句
由if或unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。Iwon’tgotohispartyunlessIaminvited.
6.比較狀語從句
由than、asas、notasas引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。Therearemorestudentsinourclassthanintheirs.7.讓步狀語從句
由though、eventhough/if、although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Althoughhedidn’tpasstheexam,hisfatherdidn’tgetangrywithhim.8.方式狀語從句
由asif(好像)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。Hetalkedaboutthatasifhekneweverything.9.結(jié)果狀語從句
由sothat、such.that(如此..以致于)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。Itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’tseetheroad.二、狀語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)問題
1.時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。(主句用將來時(shí),而時(shí)間、條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
Ifit________(notrain)tomorrow,we______(go)toclimbthehill.He________(become)asodierwhenhe______(grow)up.
2.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Itis+時(shí)間+since+一般過去時(shí)It_____(be)tenyearssincewe________(leave)thatcity.3.由when、while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài):主句(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))+when+從句(一般過去時(shí))主句(一般過去時(shí))+when+從句(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))主句(一般過去時(shí))+while+從句(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))主句(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))+while+從句(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))
注意:看動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。Mother_______(cook)supperwhenI______(get)homeyesterday.
LastSundayI_______(meet)LinHongwhenI_______(walk)inthestreet.WhileHanMeimei_______(sweep)thefloor,Lucy_______(carry)water.
Whenthestudents________(have)ameeting,theteacher_______(come)in.4.由when、after、before、bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài):
主、從句的謂語動(dòng)作都以完成,則先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí),后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。Whenthey_______(get)tothecinemalastlight,thefilm________(start).
I_________(go)outwithmyfriendsafterI_______(finish)allthehomeworklastnight.中考考點(diǎn)十七:賓語從句一、直接引語變間接引語
1.人稱的變化:一隨主,二隨賓,第三人稱不更新。
1).“一隨主”指若直接引語中的主語為第一人稱時(shí),變間接引語時(shí)應(yīng)與主句的主語人稱一致.Shesaid—Ilikeplayingbasketball‖.
Shesaidthat__________playingbasketball.
2).“二隨賓”指若直接賓語中的主語為第二人稱時(shí),變間接賓語時(shí)應(yīng)與主句的賓語人稱一致.SheaskedTom—CanIhavealookatyourpicture‖.
SheaskedTomif______couldhavealookat______picture.
3).“第三人稱不更新”指若直接賓語中的主語為第三人稱時(shí),變間接賓語時(shí)人稱保持不變.Shesaidtome—Theywanttohelpme‖.Shetoldmethat__________tohelpme.2.指示代詞,時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語的變化
直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthatthatthose時(shí)間狀語nowthen
todaythatday
thismorningthatmorningthreedaysagothreedaysbeforeLastweek
theweekbefore
tomorrowthenext/
followingday
nextyearthenextyear地點(diǎn)狀語
herethere
動(dòng)詞comego二.賓語從句的考查
賓語從句在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語,或介詞的賓語,或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞,賓語從句可分為三類。
1.考查賓語從句的語序:
賓語從句的語序用陳述句語序。即“主語+謂語+Doyouknowwhen__________?
A.doesthenexttrainleaveB.thenexttrainleavesC.willthenexttrainleaveD.thenexttrainwillleave注:若從句時(shí)疑問句,但語序不變的有:1).who在從句中作主語。
Canyoutellme_________?(誰將來這兒)2).what’swrong/thematter?
Heaskedwhatwasthematterwithme.3).whathappened
Idon’tknowwhathappenedyesterday.
4).whichisthewayto….?
Canyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepark?2.考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1).若賓語從句時(shí)陳述句時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用that且that可省掉。
Shesaid—I’mgaldtoseeyou‖=Shesaid________________galdtoseeme.2).賓語從句時(shí)一般疑問句時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether.一般情況下if/whether可互換,但后有ornot/or、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞的后面時(shí),只能用whether.
Hesakedme—AreyougoingtoWuhan?‖=Heaskedme________________goingtoWuhan.I’mthinkingabout______togothere.
A.ifB.whetherC.that
3).賓語從句時(shí)特殊疑問句時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞。
Doyouknow________?I’mnotsure,Maybeheisabusinessman.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo
4).若賓語從句時(shí)肯定祈使句時(shí),就改為ask/tellsbtodosth.若為否定祈使句,就改為ask/tellsbnottosth.
“Don’topenthedoor‖Theteachersaid.=Theteachertoldme____________thedoor.3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)
1.如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),賓語從句該用什麼時(shí)態(tài)就用什麼時(shí)態(tài)。Canyoutellme_________?Heisadoctor.
A.whatisheB.whathewasC.whatheisD.whatwashe
2.如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去將來時(shí),過去完成時(shí))。
Heasked____________.
A.whattimeitisB.whattimeisitC.whattimeitwasD.whattimewasitHetoldmethathe______forthesportsmeet.
A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.willprepareD.hasprepared注:1)如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理,其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。OurteachersaidthatJanuary_____(be)thefirstmonthoftheyear.Ourteachersaidthattheearth___(go)aroundthesun.
2).若主句為couldyou..?表示請(qǐng)求客氣的語氣,從句的時(shí)態(tài)仍然不變。Couldyoutellme_______?
A.whathewasdoingB.whatwashedoing
C.whatheisdoingD.whatishedoing
4.if/when引導(dǎo)狀語從句和賓語從句這兩種從句。從句的時(shí)態(tài)的確定。ifWhenif/when從句的時(shí)態(tài)
條件/時(shí)間狀語從句如果、假如當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)賓語從句
是否
什么時(shí)候
一般將來時(shí)
Canyouguessifthey___toplayfootballwithus?Ithinktheywillcomeifthey____free.A.come,areB.willcome,willbeC.willcome,areD.come,willbe
Canyoutellmewhenhe____heretomorrow?Whenhe_____here,pleasecallme.
A.comes,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.willcome,comesD.comes,willcome5.賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化:
1).賓語從句是陳述句時(shí),且主、從句的主語一致,可簡(jiǎn)化為“動(dòng)詞+todosth”.
IhopeIcanmeetyouagain.Ihope__________youagain.
2).賓語從句是疑問句時(shí),且主、從句的主語一致,或從句的主語與主句的賓語一致。可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+todosth”.
Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.Idon’tknow_____________next.CouldyoutellmehowIcangetthere?Couldyoutellme_____________there?Johndidn’tdecidewhichshirthewouldbuy.
Johndidn’tdecide___________________.
3).hear/see/find+that+從句,可改為“hear/see/find+sb(要用賓格)+doingsth”.Iheardthattheyweresinginginthenextroom.=Iheard__________inthenextroom.
Wefoundthatshewasplayingwiththecatunderthetree.Wefound__________withthecatunderthetree.考點(diǎn)歸納十八:定語從句一、定語從句(一):1.定語從句的概念:
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。2.先行詞:
被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞:
引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。關(guān)系詞指代在定語從句中的作用that既指人也指物作主語、賓語which指物作主語、賓語who指人作主語whomwhose
指人作賓語既指人也指物作定語
二、定語從句(二)
1.先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下,只能用that不用which。1).當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、theone等時(shí),只能用that。
Thereisnothing______Icandoforyou.
2).當(dāng)先行詞被theonly、thevery、thelast、all、no、little等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。Thisistheverybook______I’mlookingfor.3).先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。
Thisisthefirstnextbook______Istudiedinthemiddleschool.4).先行詞為最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用that。Thisisthemostbeautifulmountain______Ihaveeverseen.=Ihave_____seen_____abeautifulmountian.5).先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能that。
Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersons_______wehad.
2.先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下,只能用which不用that。1).關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which。Thisisthebuildingin______helives.
2).先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which。
Theclockisthat_____tellsthetime.
3).引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語從句(先行詞是物且先行詞與關(guān)系詞用逗號(hào)隔開),關(guān)系詞用which。Hisbook,______waslostlastweek,hasbeenfoundnow.
3.先行詞是人時(shí),一般情況下既可用who也可用that。但以下情況下,只能用who。1).當(dāng)先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時(shí),一般用who。Those______aresingingareallmyclassmates.
2).在therebe句型中,先行詞指人時(shí),只能用who。指物時(shí)用that。Thereisagirl______expectstoseeyou.
3).當(dāng)先行詞是I、you、he、they等時(shí),只能用who。He______playswithfiregetsburned.三、定語從句(三)。
由關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on/at+whichwhy=for+which1.由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
1).先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞2).在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語
Isthisthehouse______youlived?=Isthisthehouse__________youlived?=Isthisthehouse_____youlivedin?2.由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
1).先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞2).在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語
Iwillneverforgetthedays______Imethim.=Iwillneverforgetthedays________Imethim.注:先行詞是thelasttime時(shí),when可省略。
Whenwasthelasttimeyousawtheparrot?3.由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
先行詞為reason時(shí),一般用why。why在句中作原因狀語。Wedon’tknowthereason______theydidn’tcome.四、注意事項(xiàng):
1.關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),?墒÷。Thestory_____hetoldwasverypopular.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./
2.that、who、which在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。Ilovessingerswho_______(write)theirownsongs.Sheisoneofthegirlswho______(study)hard.
3.在定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的人稱代詞。
Willyoupleaseshowmethebook______yesterday?
A.whichyouboughtB.thatyouboughtitC.youboughtD.youboughtit4.定語從句中whose的確定:
無論先行詞是人或物,在定語從句中做定語用whose。
判斷:看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞(my、your、Jim’s等),若沒有,則用whose。Thegirl_____parentsworkinBeijingisKate.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.that
Iknowtheboy.Hishandwritingisverygood.=Iknowtheboy____handwritingisverygood.五、定語從句的簡(jiǎn)化
把定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞短語、過去分詞短語、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語。1.Shereveivedaboxwhichwasfullofpresents.Shereveivedabox__________presents.
2.HelikesreadingbooksthatwaswrittenbyLuxun.Helikesreadingbooking_________Luxun.3.IlikeChineseteawhichhasnothinginit.IlikeChinesetea___________init.
4.Doyouknowthegirlwhoiswearingareddress.Doyouknowthegirl______areddress.第三部分:補(bǔ)全對(duì)話考點(diǎn)1.打電話用語:
一、撥電話方的交際用語:
1.Could/May/CanIspeakto,please?請(qǐng)找接電話,好嗎?2.Who’sthat(speaking)?你是哪一位呀?
3.Thisis(speaking)./Thisishere./herespeaking.我是.
4.Couldyouaskhim/hertocallmeback?你能讓他、她給我回電話嗎?5.I’mcallingtoask/tellyouto.我打電話給你是想告訴你去.6.That’sverykindofyou(tohelpme).你能幫助我真是太好了。二、接電話方的交際用語:
1.Hello!6098724.你好!這里是6098724.2.Thisis..(speaking).我就是
3.Who’sthat(speaking)?請(qǐng)問你是哪位?
4.Yes,itis.是的,我就是。No,thisis..不,我是
5.Holdon(foramoment),please./Onemoment,please.請(qǐng)稍后,別掛機(jī)。
6.I’msorry/afraidhe’s/she’soutatthemoment/rightnow.對(duì)不起,他/她現(xiàn)在不在。7.CanItakeamessage(foryou)?我能替你稍話嗎?
8.I’llleaveamessageonhis/herdesk.我會(huì)在他/她的桌上留個(gè)便條。9.What’syourtelephonenumber?你的電話是多少?10.I’llgive/takeherthemessage.我會(huì)稍信給她的?键c(diǎn)2.購(gòu)物用語:
一、營(yíng)業(yè)員常用的交際用語:
1.CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?你要買什么?2.Whichwouldyoulike?你喜歡哪一個(gè)?3.Howmany/much.Doyouwant?你要多少?4.Isthatall?就買這些嗎?
5.Whataboutthisone?這件怎么樣?
6.Doyoulike.?你喜歡嗎?
7.Whatcolor/size/kinddoyoulike/want?你喜歡/想要什么顏色/尺寸/種類的?
8.Whichone/colordoyoulike/want?你喜歡/想要哪個(gè)/哪種顏色?
9.I’mafraidwehaven’tgotanyInthatsizeatthemoment.恐怕我們現(xiàn)在沒有那個(gè)尺寸的10.I’msorry,wehavesoldoutthe.Inyoursize.對(duì)不起,你要的尺寸我們已經(jīng)賣完了。11.Hereyouare.給你。12.Nohurry.別著急。
13.pleasetakeyourtime.慢慢來。
14.Letmesee,twentyyuan,please.我看一下,20元。
15.Youhaven’tpaidforityet.你還沒有付錢。
16.That’sthecheapest/mostexpensiveonewehave,I’mafraid.恐怕這是我們最便宜/最貴的二、顧客常用的交際用語:
1.Iwant/wouldliketobuysome.(for.).我想買一些..2.I’llhavealookatthe.我想看看..
3.Thankyou,that’sall.謝謝你。就這些吧。
4.Ilikethecolor,butit’s/they’retoo.我喜歡這顏色,但它/他們太..5.It’sgreat,butit’snot.enough.不錯(cuò),但它不夠..6.No,thecoloristoo..不,顏色太..
7.Iprefer.butthis.istoo.我喜歡.,但這個(gè).太..8.That’stoolight太淺了。
9.Yes,that’sjustright.好的,這個(gè)正合適。
10.Haveyougotanyotherkind/color/size?你有其他種類/顏色/尺寸的嗎?11.Thatlooksnice/great.看起來不錯(cuò)。
12.Haveyougotanythingcheaper?你有更便宜點(diǎn)的嗎?
13.That’sabitexpensive.I’llthinkaboutit.有點(diǎn)貴,我要考慮一下。
14.Howmuchdoesitcost?/Howmuchdotheycost?/Howmucharethesethings?多少錢。15.That’smuchtooexpensive.I’mafraid.恐怕太貴了。16.That’s(quite)cheap/dear.這不算貴/這相當(dāng)貴。
17.Ilikeit,butitcoststoomuch.我喜歡它,但是太貴了。18.Ican’tdecide.我決定不了。
19.That’sfine.I’lltakeit/them.不錯(cuò),我買了。
20.Can/MayItrythem/iton,please?我能試一試嗎?21.Idon’tthinkI’lltakeit.我覺得不會(huì)買。22.Hereisthemoney.買單?键c(diǎn)3問路及應(yīng)答的用語:
一、問路的交際用語:
1.Excuseme,where’s.?勞駕,在哪兒?2.HowcanIgetto.?我怎么去.?
3.Whichisthewaytothe?去..是哪一條路?
4.Canyoutellmethewaytothe?你能告訴我去..的路嗎?
5.Couldyoutellmehowtogettothe?你能告訴我怎樣去..嗎?6.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothe..?你能告訴我怎樣去.嗎?7.Whichbuscantakemetothe?哪路公共汽車可以帶我去?8.WhichbuscanIcatchtothe.?我可以乘幾路公共汽車去?9.WhichnumberdoIneed?我需要乘幾路車?10.Isitfarfromhere?離這兒遠(yuǎn)嗎?11.Howfarisit?有多遠(yuǎn)?
12.Thankyou./Thankyouallthesame.謝謝。
二、指路的交際用語:
1.It’soverthere.It’soverthereontheleft/right.在那兒左邊/右邊
2.It’snexttothe./infrontofthe./behindthe../outsidethe.它在的旁邊/前面/后面/外邊3.It’sbetween.And..它在.和之間。4.It’sattheendofthestreet.在街尾。
5.Walk/Goalong/downtheroad/thestreet,andtakethesecondturningontheleft/right.沿這條路/街,然后在第二個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)彎處朝左/右拐。
6.It’saboutahundredmetersalongontheleft/right.大約在前方100米處左/右。7.It’sabout4kilometresaway.大約有4,000米遠(yuǎn)。8.Youhadbettertake/catchabus.你最好乘坐公共汽車。
9.Godownthisstreetuntilyoureachthesecondtrafficlights.沿著這條街一直走到第二個(gè)交通燈那兒。10.Attheendoftheroadyou’llseethe..至路尾你就會(huì)看到11.Itwilltakeyouabouthalfanhour.大約要花半個(gè)小時(shí)到那兒。12.Goacrossthebridge.從橋上走過去。
13.Goupthisroadtotheend.沿著這條路走到盡頭。
14.Turnleft/rightatthesecondcrossing.在第二個(gè)十字路口朝左/右拐。
15.TaketheNo.3busanditwilltakeyoustraightthere.乘3路公共汽車,會(huì)把你直接帶到那兒16.TheNo.72buswilltakeyouthere.72路公共汽車會(huì)把你帶到那兒。
17.You’dbettertakeNo.10bustothehospital.你最好乘坐10路公共汽車去醫(yī)院。18.Youcan’tmissit.你不會(huì)錯(cuò)過的。
19.It’sabout15minutes’walk.步行大約15分鐘?键c(diǎn)4.看病的用語:
一、醫(yī)生常用的交際用語:
1.What’swrongwithyou?What’sthematter?你怎么哪?2.Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?你像這樣有多久?3.Haveyoutakenyourtemperature?你量過體溫嗎?4.Doyousleepverywell?睡覺好嗎?
5.Whatdoeatforyourmeals?你三餐吃過什么?
6.Haveyouhadanythingtoeatthismorning?早晨吃過什么?
7.Haveyougot/hadaheadache/cough?你頭痛/咳嗽嗎?8.Maybeyouhavecaughtabitofacold?也許你有點(diǎn)感冒。
9.Thereisnothingserious.不嚴(yán)重。
10.You’dbetterhavemore/lessfoodandtakesomeexercise.你最好多/少吃食物并且參加一些鍛煉。11.Takethismedicineandstayinbedforafewdays.吃這個(gè)藥并臥床休息幾天。
12.Takethismedicineeveryfourhoursanddrinkmorehotwater.每4小時(shí)吃一次這個(gè)藥并多喝開水。13.Doyousmoke?You’dbetterstopsmoking.你抽煙嗎?最好戒煙。
14.Youwillgetbettersoon.Youwillbeallright/wellsoon.你會(huì)很快好起來的。二、病人常用的交際用語:
1.Ihavegotaheadache/cough.我頭痛/咳嗽。
2.I’vegotapainhere.我這兒痛。
3.I’mnotfeelingwell.Idon’tfeelverywell.Ifeelterrible.我感覺不舒服。4.Isitserious?嚴(yán)重嗎?
5.I’vebeenlikethiseversincelastnight.我從昨天晚上起一直這樣。6.There’ssomethingwrongwith..我..不舒服。7.Thisplacehurts.這兒疼?键c(diǎn)5.問候的交際用語:
1.Hello!Hi!2.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening3.Howdoyoudo!4.Howareyou?Fine,thankyou.Andyou?5.Howisyourfather/mother?6.Howiseverything?Howisitgoing?考點(diǎn)6.介紹的交際用語:
1.What’syourname?2.MayIknowyourname?3.MynameisJones.
4.What’syourfirstname?5.Nicetomeetyou.6.I’mpleased/happy/gladtomeetyou.考點(diǎn)7.告別的交際用語:
1.Goodbye!Bye-bye!2.Goodnight!3.I’mafraidIhavetogonow.It’sgettinglate.4.Let’sgettogethersoon!5.Seeyousoon/later/tomorrow.6.Wehadagoodtime.7.Thankyouforhavingus.8.It’sapleasure.9.Takecare!考點(diǎn)8.感謝和應(yīng)答的交際用語:
1.Thankyou/Thankyouverymuch.2.It’sverykindofyou.
3.Notatall/That’sOK/That’sallright/You’rewelcome/It’sapleasure/Mypleasure.考點(diǎn)9.祝愿、祝賀和應(yīng)答的交際用語:
1.Goodlucktoyou!.2.MerryChristmas!3.HappyNewYear!4.Happybirthday!5.Enjoyyourself!6.Havefun!7.Haveagoodtime!8.Congratulations!9.Thankyou,andyoutoo!10.Thesametoyou!考點(diǎn)10.意愿及應(yīng)答的交際用語:
1.I’mgingtopicksomeapples.2.I’dlikeyoutomeetmyparents,too.3.Iwanttotakesomebookstotheclassroom.4.Ihopetoseeyousoon.
5.Ihopeyouhaveagoodtime.6.Thankyou7.I’msorryIcan’t8.I’mafraidIcan’t.考點(diǎn)11.道歉與應(yīng)答的交際用語:
1.I’msorry.2.I’msorryfor….3.Nevermind4.Itdoesn’tmatter5.Forgetit考點(diǎn)12.遺憾和同情的交際用語:
1.I’msorrytohearthat.2.Iknowhowyoufeel.3.Don’tworryaboutit4.oh,comeon.Cheerup.5.That’stoobad6.Whatapity!考點(diǎn)13.邀請(qǐng)與應(yīng)答的交際用語:
1.Doyouwantto…..?2.Wouldyouliketo….?3.Thatsoundsgreat.
4.Thatsoundslikefun5.I’mafraidIcan’tcometoyourparty.6.Maybesomeotherday
考點(diǎn)14.提供(幫助)和應(yīng)答的交際用語:
1.CanIhelpyou?2.WhatcanIdoforyou?3.Letmehelpyou4.Thanks.Thatwouldbenice5.That’sverykindofyou6.Thanksforyourhelp7.Wouldyoulikesome…..?8.Yes,please/No,thanks考點(diǎn)15.請(qǐng)求允許和應(yīng)答的交際用語:
1.Can/Could/MayI….?2.Yes./certaily/Yes,doplease./Ofcourse/Ok?Allright.3.I’msorry,but…../You’dbetternot….考點(diǎn)16.表示同意和不同意的交際用語:
1.Certainly/Sure?Ofcourse2.Yes,please3.Yes,Ithinkso.4.Allright/Ok.5.That’sagoodidea.6.Iagree(withyou).7.No,Idon"tthinkso8.I’mafraidnot9.Idisagree(withyou)
考點(diǎn)17.表示肯定和不肯定的交際用語:
1.I’msure.2.I’msurethat…..3.I’mnotsure.4.I’mnotsureif……5.Maybe./Perhaps.
考點(diǎn)18.喜歡和厭惡的交際用語:
1.Doyoulike….?2.Whichdoyoulikebetter,…or…?Ilike…betterthan….
3.Whichdoyoulikebest,…,….or….?Ilike…best.4.Ilike/love….alot/verymuch/alittle.5.Idon’tlike…atall6.Ihate….7.Ipreperto…ratherthan….考點(diǎn)19.談?wù)撎鞖獾慕浑H用語:
1.What’stheweatherliketoday?2.Howistheweather?3.It’sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy4.It’sratherwarm/cold/hot,isn’tit?5.Lovelyweather,isn’tit?6.Whataheavyrain!7.Whatastrongwind!
考點(diǎn)20.詢問時(shí)間或日期和應(yīng)答的交際用語:
1.Whatdayisittoday?2.What’sthedatetoday?3.Whattimeisit?/What’sthetime?4.It’sMonday5.It’sJuly1st6.It’ssixo’clock/halfpasssix/aquartertoeight.7.It’stimefor…../It’stimetodosth.考點(diǎn)21.請(qǐng)求的交際用語:
1.Can/Couldyou…..forme?2.Willyouplease……?3.MayIhave…?4.Pleasegive/passme….5.Pleasewait(here/amoment)6.Pleasehurry.考點(diǎn)22.勸告和建議的交際用語:
1.You’dbetterasktheman.2.Whydon’tyougotothepark?3.How/Whatgoingoutforawalk?4.Allright.thanks5.Right.I’lldothat6.That’sagoodidea.Thankyou7.Youareright8.Shallweplaytogether?9.Youshouldn’tstayuptoolate.10.Idon’tmind.
考點(diǎn)23.禁止和警告的交際用語:
1.Youcan’tdothat2.Ifyoudon’tgetup,you’llbelateforschool.3.Becareful/Takecare4.Makesureyoulockthedoorwhenyouleave.5.Don’twalkthere.Theflooriswet.考點(diǎn)24.表示感情的交際用語:
1.I’mglad/pleased/happytomeetyou.2.That’snice3.That’swonderful/great.4.She’sworried.5.Oh,whatshouldIdo?6.Really?7.Oh,dear!8.Isthatso?考點(diǎn)25.就餐的交際用語:
1.Whatwouldyouliketohave?2.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?
3.I’dlikeacupofcoffee.4.Helpyourselftosomefish.5.Thankyou,I’vefullenough.6.Justalittle,please!
考點(diǎn)26.約會(huì)的交際用語:
1.Areyoufreethisaftrenoon/evening?2.Howabouttomorrowmorning/aftrenoon/evening?
3.Shallwemeetat4:30attheschoolgate?4.Let’smakeitsixo’clocktomorrow.5.Yes,I’llbefreethen.6.No,Iwon’tbefreethen7.Allright.Seeyouthen.8.Itdoesn’tmatter.Wecanmakeitsometimenextweek.9.Whencanyoumakeit?考點(diǎn)27.傳遞信息的交際用語:
1.Willyoupleasegivethisnote/messagetoKate?2.Heaskedmetogiveyounote.3.Thanksforthemessage.考點(diǎn)28.求助的交際用語:
1.Help!/Fire!Thief!2.What’sthematter?3.Couldyougivemeahand?4.Wouldyouhelpme?5.DoyoumindhelpingmewithmyEnglish?考點(diǎn)29.處理交際中的障礙:
1.Pardon.請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f一遍。2.Pleasesaythatagain/moreslowly.3.I’msorryIcan’tfollowyou4.I’msorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.5.Whatdoyoumeanby….?考點(diǎn)30.常見的標(biāo)志和說明:
1.BUSINESSHOURS2.OFFICEHOURS3.OPEN4.CLOSED5.PULL6.PUSH7.NOSMOKING8.NOPHOTO9.NOPARKING10.DANGER11.ON12.OFF13.PLAY14.ENTRANCE15.EXIT16.PAUSE17.SHUT18.MEN’S(WOMEN’S)19.SOS20.EMS21.VACANT22.OCCUPIED23.NOADMITTANCE24.BATHINGPROHIBITED
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