翻譯實習(xí)報告

翻譯實習(xí)報告

為了把我們近一年所學(xué)的基本的英漢互譯知識和方法全面地結(jié)合起來，院里給我們安排了翻譯實習(xí)，使我們能相對忠實、準(zhǔn)確、流暢地將各種文體進行英漢互譯，以此提高自身翻譯各種文本的實際能力。同時，通過翻譯實習(xí),養(yǎng)我們成為一名翻譯工作者所應(yīng)具備的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì):誠實篤信,認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé),嚴(yán)格遵守翻譯從業(yè)人員必備的各種職業(yè)規(guī)則以及嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)細(xì)致的作風(fēng),吃苦耐勞的精神,團結(jié)合作的風(fēng)尚等。

我們的指導(dǎo)老師給了我們12份英文材料，每份約201*字。我們實習(xí)的任務(wù)是完成所有材料的翻譯。根據(jù)學(xué)院及指導(dǎo)老師的要求，我計劃將所有材料在三周內(nèi)翻譯完成，每周平均翻譯四分材料。

為了配合院里的工作，更為了通過實踐，總結(jié)自己的不足，以便在今后的語言實踐中自己翻譯水平和能力能夠得到相應(yīng)的提高和發(fā)展，我在完成計劃工作后，我開始了我的翻譯實習(xí)工作。

在進行翻譯實習(xí)的過程中，我充分調(diào)動了我大腦中的知識及老師教給我們的基本翻譯技巧，例如：“英譯漢時，有時某些詞并不能完全按照詞典的基本含義翻譯，如生搬硬套或逐詞死譯，會使譯文生硬，令人費解，甚至可能造成誤解。這時應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)上下文和邏輯關(guān)系，從該詞的基本含義出發(fā)，進一步加以適當(dāng)?shù)囊�申，選擇比較適當(dāng)?shù)臐h語詞語來表達”以及增詞法、省略法(減詞法)、重復(fù)法、正反,反正表達法、分句法,合句法、詞義的引伸、詞類的轉(zhuǎn)譯等英譯漢常用的方法和技巧。盡管如此，我在實際翻譯時候還是碰到了很多問題。

首先，詞匯量的不充足使我在翻譯的過程中經(jīng)常遇到阻礙，我不得不借助電腦，詞典等工具查找出我所不能準(zhǔn)確描述的關(guān)鍵詞句。其次，是常用句型的缺乏也使得我在翻譯過程中舉步維艱。再次，就是對一些專有詞匯的不熟悉還有一些國外歷史文化背景等方面知識的匱乏也使得我的翻譯工作進展的不太順利。這時，我會借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)的幫助，在網(wǎng)上查詢在詞典中查不到的專有名詞、新詞，以及相關(guān)背景知。最后，語文功底的薄弱和常識性知識的缺乏也是阻礙我翻譯工作的一大難題。例如，在第一份翻譯材料中有個句子是“TheUnitedStateseconomyhastheworld"slargestgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)”，在這個句子中，我不知道是把“TheUnitedStateseconomy”翻譯為“美國經(jīng)濟”還是“美國經(jīng)濟體”好，并且我總覺得兩種翻譯都很怪。如果把“TheUnitedStateseconomy”翻譯為“美國經(jīng)濟”，那么整句話的翻譯就是：“美國經(jīng)濟擁有世界上最大的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)”。

但是“國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值”只能是一個國家的啊，不能說經(jīng)濟擁有多少國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值吧。但是，

如果把“TheUnitedStateseconomy”翻譯為“美國經(jīng)濟”體，那么整句話的翻譯就是：“美國經(jīng)濟體擁有世界上最大的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)”。這樣又成為經(jīng)濟體有多少

國內(nèi)上產(chǎn)總值的。于是，我又想：可不可以把“economy”直接省略不翻呢？就翻譯為“美國擁有世界上最大的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)”，但是我又不敢妄下結(jié)論�？傊�，我真的是在經(jīng)

過艱苦的“奮戰(zhàn)”后才最終完成了本次的翻譯實習(xí)任務(wù)。

通過這次的翻譯實習(xí)，我更加清楚的認(rèn)識到自己英語相關(guān)方面的知識還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足，也讓我更加清醒的認(rèn)識到，豐富自己的詞匯量及語境英語句型的重要性，更讓我懂得“理論聯(lián)系實際”的真理沒有理論知識肯定不行，但是光有理論知識而不通過實踐來鞏固舊知識和獲得新知識更不行。任何事情和工作都不是夸夸其談就能完成的和做好的。此外，我也變得更能忍耐和堅持。在實習(xí)的過程中，由于翻譯工作過于枯燥以及在翻譯中遇到各種困難而使翻譯過程的緩慢，我曾多次想放棄，想隨便敷衍了事。但是我從小養(yǎng)成的強烈責(zé)任感和擁有的良好道德觀敦促我忍受枯燥乏味和沖破各種阻礙把我的任務(wù)完成。最后，我也深刻的體會到時間的緊迫性。我的大學(xué)生活即將結(jié)束，這意味著我已經(jīng)沒有多少在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的時間了（因為我不考研將）。我真的意識到我在過去的三年中浪費了多少本可以用來學(xué)習(xí)充電的大好時光。我知道不管是否來得及，我都要充分這最后的半年（我覺得最多只有半年學(xué)習(xí)時間了）好好學(xué)習(xí)。不論我能否彌補我在這次實習(xí)中所反映出得不足，或是能不能獲得更多的知識和技能，我都要抓緊時間充充電。

總之，在這次的翻譯實習(xí)讓我感觸頗深也收獲很大。我感受到了“沒有付出就沒有收獲”的真理；我感受到了做人要做個有心人，時時留意身邊的大事小事，并隨時積累知識（哪怕是一個字，一個詞）的重要性；我還感受到必須“學(xué)以致用”而不能只是“紙上談兵”。同時，我收獲了新的字、新的詞、新的短語和新的句子；我收獲了新的知識；我更收獲了獲得新知識時的巨大快樂以及完成任務(wù)時的無比欣慰。

擴展閱讀：英語翻譯實習(xí)報告

西安建筑科技大學(xué)文學(xué)院英文系筆譯實習(xí)報告

筆譯實習(xí)材料及譯文Day1Part1ProfessorLeeSingKong,Director,NIE,Faculty,staff,distinguishedguests,Andmyfellowgraduands,Averygoodafternoontoall!Itismygreatpleasureandprivilegetogivethevaledictoryspeechonbehalfofmydearestclassmates!Itseemsthateveryoneistiredofthegenericvaledictoryspeechanditisnoteasytocomeupwithanentertainingandmemorableone.IsearchedinternetforsomevideosandIfoundthattomaketheirspeechesmoreinteresting,peoplecrackjokes,quotehip-poplines,singasongwithaguitarorcomposearaplikeEminem.IamsorrythatIcantdothesethings.SoIborrowonetrickthatIhopewillworkforme.Now,ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseputupyourrighthand,atthecountofthree,touchtheshoulderofyourneighbor.One,two,three.NowIamsurethateveryonehasbeentouchedbymyspeech.IstillremembermyfirstdayinNIE.Itwasabeautifulday.WhenIwasstandingonthelushgreenlawn,Ifoundmyselfinamoodforvacationandrelaxation.Iwasimpressedbytheefficiencyinthearrangementofaseriesofevents,hearingNIEDirectorsspeech,meetingteachersandformerstudents,learninghowtouselibraryandotherfacilities.Iwasalsoexcitedaboutthecourseswhichwerecompletelynewtoaliteraturestudent.WhatIfoundmoststrikingwasthemultiethnicbackgroundanddiverseeducationalbackgroundofourteachers.TheycomefromChina(includingmainland,HongKongandTaiwan),Vietnam,Germany,Malaysia,theStates,AustraliaandSingapore.Theyalsoreceivedtheirdegreesfromprestigiousuniversitiesinvariouscountries.Theirpersonalexperiencesnotonlyshowcasediversityandmultiethnicharmony,twocoreideasvaluedinSingaporebutalsoenlightenusfromamyriadofperspectives.HereIjustwanttomentionhowdiversityandharmonycanbeintegratedinourreal-lifeteachingandresearching.First,weneedtoappreciatediversityandconstructharmonyinourteaching.weshouldbeawareofthediversityinourteachingconditionswithdifferenttangiblefacilities,classsizes,lengthsofcourses,andareaswithvariedsocio-economicsituations.Ourstudentsarediversetoo.Theydifferintheirmotivations,proficiencylevels,personalitiesandthelike.Theyhavealsokeptchanging.Forexample,studentsfromdevelopedareasmaylearnmoreefficientlyifweadoptnewtechnologies,likescreencasting,blogsandonlinefeedback,astheyaredigitalnativesthemselves.However,studentsfrompoorareasmaybenefitmorefromacombinationofmoreoldthannewtechnologiesaccordingtotheavailabilitiesofcomputersandinternetaccessintheirclassrooms.WhatwehavelearnedinNIEisamultitudeoftheoriesandmethods.Theefficiencyandusefulnessofthemdependsonhowandwhenweapplythem.Inourrealteaching,weshouldaimataharmoniousintegrationofthesetheoriesandmethodswithallsituationalvariablestakenintoaccount.Second,diversityandharmonyarealsovaluedinourresearching.Oneperfectexampleisinourresearchmethodsclass.Dr.HuGuangweiandDr.ShihChih-Min,ofdifferentpersonalitiesandteachingstyles,worktowardsourbetterunderstandingofbothquantitativeandqualitativestudiesandtheirassignmentscanbeintegratedintoonethroughtriangulation.英語原文

Personally,Ibelieve,theultimategoalofacademicresearchistoaccommodatedifferencesandcontributetoabetterunderstandingoftheworldthatwelivein.HereIwanttostressoneparticularthingthatIlearntfromDr.Hu.HeaskedmetwiceinhisfeedbacktomyliteraturereviewWhatisyourtakeonthis?Youneedtoletyourreadershearyourvoice.Afterthefirstterm,IrealizedhowlittleIknewaboutacademicresearchandwritingconventionsforacademicpapers.HereIlearnedhowtoquoteandhowtohedge.However,Iprobablywenttoanotherextreme.IwassocarefulabouteverystatementImadethatIlostmyownvoiceinmyquotes.Dr.HuhasinspiredmetoseekmyownvoiceandDr.DahlsandDr.Chandrascourseshaveequippedmewithwaysofmakingmyselfheard.SteveJobs,theApplefounderoncesaid,Dontbetrappedbydogmawhichislivingwiththeresultsofotherpeoplesthinking.Dontletthenoiseofothersopinionsdrownoutyourowninnervoice.Andmostimportantly,havethecouragetofollowyourheartandintuition.Theysomehowalreadyknowwhatyoutrulywanttobecome.Thisisalsomywishformyfellowclassmates.Bothinourlivesandinacademicresearch,ourvoiceandouruniquecontributionisofforemostimportance.Ihopeallofuscanbemoredaringandinnovativeintryingnewmethodsandstandingupforwhatwebelievein.Onbehalfofmyclassmates,IwouldliketotakeamomenttothankMOEforcoveringallofourbills,NIEadministrationforhavingdonetheirbesttohelpussettledownandELLdepartmentforofferingusmostusefulcourses.NoneofuswillbeheretodayifnotforourNIEprofessorsandlecturers.Theseextraordinarypeoplehaveinfluencedusincountlessways.Theyhonedourcriticalthinkingandanalyticalskills,theyinstilledteamspiritinusthroughgrouppresentations,theyenlightenedustodevelopourpotentialtothefullestandtheydevotedthemselvestobothoureducationalandspiritualneeds.Mostimportantly,theyhavesetthemselvesasperfectexamplesforthekindofteacherweallwishtobe.AspecialthanksgoestoDr.RamonaTang,whoisaGod-sentangelforusandwillalwaysbeoursister.Wealsothankourparentsandfamilies,thoughmostofthemareabsenttoday,fortheirunconditionalloveandsupport.Withoutallofyou,wewouldnthavegonesofar.Congratulations,201*PGDELTclass.Wevefinallymadeit.Wevecompletedourstudieshere.However,ouracademicjourneydoesnotendhereinNIE.Inhisfinalclass,Dr.DavidCaldwelltoldusabouthisexperienceofobtainingaPh.D.degreeandincidentally,aweekago,Dr.ShihsentusaletterencouragingustoplanearlyforourPh.D.studies.Sothereisstillalongwaytogo.Ourgraduationtodayisjustastopoverratherthanourdestination.Itiswhereweembarkonanewjourney.Onethingweshouldneverforgetisthatnomatterwhatstruggleisawaitingus,wearenotfightingalonebecausewehavesomanyexcellentNIEteachersonourside.Mostimportantly,35PGDELTstudents,weareafamily.Thankyou!漢語譯文

Day1Part2AnIntroductiontoChinatownOnthesurface,Chinatownisprosperous-a"modelslum,"somehavecalledit-withthelowestcrimerate,highestemploymentandleastjuveniledelinquencyofanycitydistrict.Walkthroughitscrowdedstreetsatanytimeofday,andeveryshopisdoingabriskandbusinessliketrade:restaurantafterrestaurantisbooming;therearestorefrontdisplaysofshinysquids,clawingcrabsandclamberinglobster;andstreetmarketsofferoverflowingpilesofexoticgreenvegetables,garlicandgingerroot.Chinatownhasthefeelofalandofplenty,andthereasonwhylieswiththeChinesethemselves:evenhere,intheverycoreofdowntownManhattan,theyhavebeencarefultopreservetheirownwayofdealingwiththings,preferringtokeepaffairsclosetothebondofthefamilyandallowingfewintrusionsintoastill-insularculture.TherehavebeenseveralconcessionstoWesterners-storefrontsignsnowofferEnglishtranslations,andHaagenDazsandBaskinRobbinsice-creamstoreshaveopenedonlowerMottStreet-buttheycan"thelpbutseemincongruous.TheonetimeoftheyearwhenChinatownburstsopenisduringtheChineseNewYearfestival,heldeachyearonthefirstfullmoonafterJanuary19,whenagiantdragonrunsdownMottStreettotheaccompanimentoffirecrackers,andtheguttersrunwithceremonialdyes.Beneaththeneighborhood"sblithelyprosperousfacade,however,thereisadarkerunderbelly.Sharppracticescontinuetoflourish,withtraditionalextortionandprotectionracketsstillinbusiness.Non-unionsweatshops-theirassemblylinesgrindingfromearlymorningtolateintotheevening-arestillvisitedbytheUSDepartmentofLabor,whocometoinvestigateworkers"testimoniesofbeingpaidbelowminimumwageforseventy-plus-hourworkweeks.LivingconditionsareabysmalforthepoorerChinese-mostlyrecentimmigrantsandtheelderly-whoresideinsmallroomsinovercrowdedtenementsill-keptbylandlords.Yet,becausethecommunityhasbeencloisteredforsolongandhasonlyjustbeguntoseekhelpfromcityofficialsforitsinternalproblems,youwon"tdetectanyhintofdifficultiesunlessyouresideinChinatownforaconsiderablelengthoftime.漢語譯文英語原文當(dāng)天翻譯過程分析或體會Day2100字以內(nèi)！

MEMORANDUMOFUNDERSTANDING(“MOU”)RE:PURCHASEOFNORWEGIANPAVILIONATTHESHANGHAIEXPOSITETheSeller:InnovationNorwayc/oNorwayatEXPO201*TheBuyer:Xi’anUniversityofArchitectureandTechnology(TheSellerandtheBuyerarehereinafterjointlyreferredtoasthe“Parties”)WHEREAS:1.InnovationNorwayc/oNorwayatEXPO201*(hereafterreferredtoasthe“Seller”)constructedtheNorwegianPavilionlocatedinC-10SectionintheShanghaiEXPOsite(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“Pavilion”)fortheWorldExpoShanghai201*(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“EXPO”);2.TheSellerhastheexclusivetitleoverthePavilion.TheSellerdoes,however,nothaveanyownershiptotheplotatwhichthePavilionissituated.AccordingtotherelevantagreementsthattheSellerenteredintowiththeShanghaiExpoauthority(hereafterreferredtoasthe“ExpoAuthority”),theSellerisobligatedtoremovethePavilionandcleartheplotafterclosureoftheEXPOinOctober201*;3.TheBuyeriswillingtopurchasetheentirePavilionfromtheSeller,andtheSelleriswillingtoselltheentirePaviliontotheBuyeronan“as-is”basis;4.Theterm“Pavilion”inthisMOUdoesnotincludeinstalledequipment.ShouldthePartiesagreetoafinalSaleandPurchaseContract(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“FinalContract”),theequipmentnotincludedinthesaleofthePavilionshallbeexplicitlylistedinthesaidFinalContract;NOWTHEREFORE,uponamicablediscussionsandbasedonmutualunderstanding,theSellerandtheBuyerhavepreliminarilyreachedthefollowingachievementandagreement,asframeworkforpurchaseandsalesofthePavilionbetweentheParties:1.PRICEANDPAYMENTTERMS1.1ThePurchasePricepayablebytheBuyerasconsiderationforthePavilionshallbeRMB___________,incapitalRenminbi____________(the“PurchasePrice”).BothPartiesunderstandthatthePurchasePriceisthenetamounttowhichtheSellerisentitled,i.a.anytaxesorfeesarisingfromthetransactionhereincontainedshallbeallbornebytheBuyer.1.2TheBuyershallpaytotheSellerthePurchasePriceinlump-sumwithin_____daysafterexecutionoftheFinalContract.1.3Fortheavoidanceofalldoubt,thePurchasePriceshallbetheconsiderationmerelyforthePavilionitself.Allworksrelatingtooroccurredfromthedismantlement,removal,transportationandreinstallationofthePaviliontotheBuyerssiteshallallbeaccountabletotheBuyersresponsibility.UpontheBuyersrequest,theSellermay,butshallnotbeobligatedto,providenecessaryandreasonableassistanceincommunicatingwiththeExpoAuthorityfortheBuyersdismantlementandtransportingofthePavilionoutoftheShanghaiExpoPark.2.DELIVERY2.1ThePavilionshallbedeliveredfromtheSellertotheBuyeron____________3

英語原文

(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“DeliveryDate”),whichcanbeadjustedinthesolediscretionoftheSellerinconsiderationofanyfactualchangesduringtheExpo,oranynewdecisionmadebytheExpoAuthorityandtheSeller.TheSellershallnotassumeanyliabilityforsuchearlyordelayeddelivery.2.2TheSellershallhandoverthePaviliononan“asis”basis.Therefore,theSellerisnotboundtoanyguaranteeand/orliabilityintermsofthequalityoranyspecialfunctioncontainedinthePavilionoranyofitsparts.2.3ThetitleandriskofthePavilionshallbedulytransferredfromtheSellertotheBuyerupontheDeliveryDate,butbeforetheBuyercommencesdismantlingofthePavilion.2.4Anylossesand/ordamagestowardsanythirdpartyincurredduringdismantling,removal,transportation,reinstallationoroperationofthePavilionaftertheDeliveryDate,shallbetransferredfromtheSellerto-,andshallbefullyborneby,theBuyer.TheBuyershallindemnifyandholdtheSellerharmlessfromsuchlossesordamagesarisingfromanyclaimand/oractioninitiatedbyanythirdpartyasconsequenceofthis.3.DISMENTLEMENT3.1TheBuyermayenterintoadirectcontractwithacontractorforthedismantlingandremovalofthePavilion.TheSellerhasnoresponsibilitiesandplaysnoroleinthisdirectcontractbetweentheBuyeranditscontractor.3.2AllobligationsandliabilitiesforwhichtheSellerisobligatedtowardstheExpoAuthorityintermsofthedismantlingandremovalofthePavilionandclearing-outtheplotbefore30April201*shallbetransferredfromtheSellerto-,andfullyborneby,theBuyer.TheBuyershallcarryoutthedismantlingandremovalworksandclear-outtheplotinaccordancewiththeSellersobligationstowardstheEXPOAuthority.TheSellerssuchobligationsshallbefullyelaboratedonintheFinalContract.Furthermore,theBuyershallindemnifytheSellerandholdtheSellerharmlessforanylossordamagethatmaybecausedtotheSellerbytheExpoAuthorityoranyotherpartyforanyclaimand/oractioninitiatedasaconsequenceoforrelatedtotheBuyersobligationsunderthisMOU.4.INTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS4.1UponDeliveryDate,theBuyershallbeentitledtoreceivefromtheSellerallrelevantdrawingsanddocumentationrelatedtothePavilionthatisnecessaryfordismantlement,reinstallation,operationandmaintenanceofthePavilion,providedthatsuchdrawingsanddocumentationhavealsobeenhandedtotheSellerfromitscontractor(s),andprovidedthattheSellerisentitledtohandoversuchdocumentationanddrawingswithoutbreachinganythirdpartyrightstowardstheSeller.TheBuyerdoes,however,herebyacknowledgethatpurchasingofthePaviliononlygrantstheBuyerownershiptothephysicalPavilionitselfandtherightthereofshallthusnotincludetheintellectualpropertyrightscontainedinthePavilion,ifany.TheSellershallalwaysowntheexclusiveintellectualrightsoverthePavilion,includingbutnotlimitedtoanycopyright,patent,design,know-howetc.If,attheBuyersrequest,theSelleragreestoprovideanytechnicalsupporttotheBuyerduringthedismantlingandreinstallmentofthePavilion,suchinformationisconsidered“ConfidentialInformation”andremainsexclusiverightsoftheSeller.TheBuyershallnotdiscloseanysuchConfidentialInformationtoanythirdpartyorutilizetheinformationforanypurposeotherthanthedismantling,reinstallationandutilizationofthePavilion.

5.MISCELLANOUS5.1TheBuyerisawarethatakeyconcernfortheSelleristominimizecostsspentattheEXPO.DespitetheSellersenteringintoofthisMOU,Norwaythereforereservesitsrightstoreceiveoffers/bidsfromotherpotentialbuyersupuntilthesigningofafinalSaleandPurchaseContractbetweentheSellerandtheBuyer.TheBuyershallbeinformedandhavetherighttocounter-offersuchbidsbeforetheSellerentersintoanyagreementwithanotherbuyer.5.2ThevalidityandeffectivenessofthisMOUissubjecttoapprovalbybothPartiesboardofdirectors.WhetherthisMOUiscarriedoutandwhetherthePavilionisactuallytransferredfromtheSellertotheBuyerisfurtherfullysubjecttoagreementbetweenthePartiesonthedetailedtermsoftheFinalContract.ShouldsuchagreementnotbeachievedinaFinalContract,thePartiesshallcarrynoresponsibilityorliabilitytowardseachother.5.3TheBuyeracknowledgesthatitisofvitalimportancefortheSellerandNorwayhowthePavilionisperceivedamongitsvisitorsalsoaftertheclosureoftheEXPO.TheBuyeristhereforeobligatedtoutilizethePavilionsolelyforoffice-,meeting-and/orexhibitionpurposes.TheBuyerisfurtherobligatedtodiligentlymaintainthePavilionandkeepitinfirst-class,Norwegianqualitycondition.ShouldtheBuyerfailtoperformitsobligationsunderthisSub-Clause5.3,andshouldthisbreachnotberectifiedone(1)monthafterreceivingwrittennotificationfromtheSeller,theSellershallupuntilfive(5)yearsafterDeliveryDatebeentitledtoterminatethisMOUandtheFinalContractandclaimrestitutionofallperformedobligationsunderthisMOUandtheFinalContract.Incaseofsuchbreach,theBuyershallalsobeliableforanylosscausedtotheSellerasaconsequenceofthebreach.5.4ThisMOUandtheFinalContractshallbegovernedbyandinterpretedinaccordancewithNorwegianLaw,includingNorwegianrulesconcerningconflictoflaws.5.5InalldisputesarisingfromorrelatedtothisMOUandtheFinalContract,thePartiesshallfirstseektoresolvethedisputeamicably.Ifthedisputecannotbesettledamicably,thedisputeshallbefinallydecidedbyarbitrationaccordingtotheNorwegianArbitrationActof14May201*no.25.TheplaceforthearbitrationshallbeOsloandthelanguageforalldocumentationandproceedingsrelatedtothearbitrationshallbeEnglish.Thedispute,thearbitrationproceedingsandthearbitralawardshallbeconfidential.6.SIGNATURESForandonbehalfofInnovationNorwayc/oNorwayatEXPO201*Name:Position:Date:ForandonbehalfofName:Position:PresidentofXianUniversityofArchitectureandTechnology

Date:3rd.Sep,201*漢語譯文當(dāng)天翻譯過程分析或體會100字以內(nèi)！Day3TheSilenceoftheLambs(1991)Afundamentaldifferencebetween"TheSilenceoftheLambs"anditssequel,"Hannibal,"isthattheformerisfrightening,involvinganddisturbing,whilethelatterismerelydisturbing.Itiseasyenoughtoconstructageekshowifyoustartwithacannibal.Thesecretof"Silence"isthatitdoesn"tstartwiththecannibal--itarrivesathim,throughtheeyesandmindsofayoungwoman."SilenceoftheLambs"isthestoryofClariceStarling,theFBItraineeplayedbyJodieFoster,andthestoryfollowsherwithoutsubstantialinterruption.Dr.HannibalLecterlurksattheheartofthestory,amalevolentbutsomehowlikablepresence--likablebecausehelikesClarice,andhelpsher.ButLecter,asplayedbyAnthonyHopkins,isthesideshow,andClariceisinthecenterring.ThepopularityofJonathanDemme"smovieislikelytolastaslongasthereisamarketforbeingscared.Like"Nosferatu,""Psycho"and"Halloween,"itillustratesthatthebestthrillersdon"tage.Fearisauniversalemotionandatimelessone.But"SilenceoftheLambs"isnotmerelyathrillshow.Itisalsoabouttwoofthemostmemorablecharactersinmoviehistory,ClariceStarlingandHannibalLecter,andtheirstrange,strainedrelationship("peoplewillsaywe"reinlove,"Lectercackles).Theysharesomuch.Bothareostracizedbytheworldstheywanttoinhabit--Lecter,bythehumanracebecauseheisaserialkillerandacannibal,andClarice,bythelawenforcementprofessionbecausesheisawoman.Bothfeelpowerless--Lecterbecauseheislockedinamaximumsecurityprison(andboundandgaggedlikeKingKongwhenheismoved),andClaricebecausesheissurroundedbymenwhotoweroverherandfondleherwiththeireyes.Bothusetheirpowersofpersuasiontoescapefromtheirtraps--Lecterisabletoridhimselfofthepestinthenextcellbytalkinghimintochokingonhisowntongue,andClariceisabletopersuadeLectertoaidherinthesearchfortheserialkillernamedBuffaloBill.Andbothsharesimilarchildhoodwounds.LecteristouchedwhenhelearnsthatClaricelostbothherparentsatanearlyage,wasshippedofftorelatives,wasessentiallyanunlovedorphan.AndLecterhimselfwasavictimofchildabuse(ontheDVDcommentarytrack,6

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Demmesaysheregretsnotunderliningthismore).Theseparallelthemesaremirroredbypatternsinthevisualstrategy.NotethatbothLecterinhisprisoncellandBuffaloBillinhisbasementarearrivedatbyStarlingafterdescendingseveralflightsofstairsandpassingthroughseveraldoors;theyliveinunderworlds.NotethewaythemoviealwaysseemstobelookingatClarice:Thepoint-of-viewcameratakestheplaceofthescrutinizingmeninherlife,andwhensheentersdangerousspaces,itistherewaitingforherinsteadoffollowingherin.Notetheconsistentuseofred,whiteandblue:notonlyintheFBIscenes,butalsointheflagdrapedoverthecarinthestorageshed,otherflagsinBill"slairandeventhegraduationcakeattheend(wheretheU.S.eagleinthefrostingisaghastlyreminderofthewayLecterpinnedasecurityguardspread-eagledtothewallsofhiscage).Themovie"ssoundtrackalsocarriesthemesallthewaythrough.Thereareexhalationsandsighsatmanypoints,aswhenthecocoonofthegypsymothistakenfromthethroatofBill"sfirstvictim.Muchheavybreathing.Therearesubterraneanrumblingsandfarawaycriesandlaments,almosttoolowtobeheard,atcriticalpoints.Thereisthesoundofaheartmonitor.HowardShore"smournfulmusicsetsafunerealtone.Whenthesoundtrackwantstocreateterror,aswhenClariceisinBill"sbasement,itmixesherfrightenedpantingwiththesoundofBill"sheavybreathingandthescreamsofthecaptivegirl--andthenaddsthedog"sfrenziedbarking,whichpsychologicallyworksatadeeperlevelthaneverythingelse.Thenitaddsthosegreengogglessohecanseeherinthedark.JodieFosterandAnthonyHopkinswonOscarsforbestactressandactor(themoviealsowonforbestpicture,forDemme"sdirectionandTedTalley"sscreenplay,andwasnominatedforeditingandsound).ItisremarkablethattheAcademywouldremember,letalonesingleout,afilmreleased13monthsbeforetheOscarcast;itusuallyvotesforfilmsthatarestillintheaters,ornewonvideo.But"Silence"wassoclearlyoneofakindthatitcouldnotbeignored.Hopkins"performancehasmuchlessscreentimethanFoster"s,butmadeanindelibleimpressiononaudiences.His"entrance"isunforgettable.AfterClaricedescendsthosestairsandpassesthroughthosedoorsandgates(whichallsqueak),thecamerashowsherPOVasshefirstseesLecterinhiscell.Heisso...still.Standingerect,atrelaxedattention,inhisprisonjumpsuit,helookslikeawaxworkofhimself.Onhernextvisit,heiserect,andthenveryslightlyrecoils,andthenopenshismouth,andIatleastwasmadetothinkofacobra.HisapproachtoLecter"spersonality(Hopkinssaysonhiscommentarytrack)wasinspiredbyHAL9000in"201*":Heisadispassionate,brilliantmachine,superbatlogic,deficientinemotions.Foster"sClariceisnotonlyanorphanbutadisadvantagedbackwoodsgirlwhohasworkedhardtogetwheresheis,andhaslessself-confidencethanshepretends.NoticingthenailpolishononeofBills"victims,sheguessesthatthegirlisfrom"town,"awordusedonlybysomeonewhoisnot.Herbravestmomentmaycomewhensheordersthegawkingsheriff"sdeputiesoutoftheroomatthefuneralhome("Listenherenow!").Onekeytothefilm"sappealisthataudienceslikeHannibalLecter.That"spartlybecausehelikesStarling,andwesensehewouldnothurther.It"salsobecauseheishelpinghersearchforBuffaloBill,andsavetheimprisonedgirl.ButitmayalsobebecauseHopkins,inastill,slyway,bringssuchwitandstyletothecharacter.Hemaybeacannibal,butasadinnerpartyguesthewouldgivevalueformoney(ifhedidn"teatyou).Hedoesnotbore,he

likestoamuse,hehashisstandards,andheisthesmartestpersoninthemovie.Hebearscomparison,indeed,withsuchothermoviemonstersasNosferatu,Frankenstein(especiallyin"BrideofFrankenstein"),KingKongandNormanBates.Theyhavetwothingsincommon:Theybehaveaccordingtotheirnatures,andtheyaremisunderstood.Nothingthatthesemonstersdois"evil"inanyconventionalmoralsense,becausetheylackanymoralsense.Theyarehard-wiredtodowhattheydo.Theyhavenochoice.Intheareaswheretheydohavechoice,theytrytodotherightthing(Nosferatuistheexceptioninthatheneverhasachoice).KongwantstorescueFayWray,NormanBateswantstomakepleasantchit-chatanddohismother"sbidding,andDr.LecterhelpsClaricebecauseshedoesnotinsulthisintelligence,andshearouseshisaffection.Allofthesequalitiesmightnotbeenoughtoassurethelongevityof"Silence"ifitwerenotalsotrulyfrightening("Hannibal"isnotfrightening,andforallofitsbox-officesuccessitwillhavealimitedshelflife)."Silence"isfrighteningfirstinthebuildupandintroductionofHannibalLecter.Secondinthediscoveryandextractionofthecocooninthethroat.Thirdinthescenewherethecopsawaitthearrivaloftheelevatorfromtheupperfloors.FourthintheintercuttingbetweentheexteriorsofthewronghouseinCalumetCityandtheinteriorsoftherightoneinBelvedere,Ohio.FifthintheextendedsequenceinsideBuffaloBill"shouse,whereTedLevinecreatesagenuinelyloathsomepsychopath(noticethetimingasStarlingsizeshimupandreadsthesituationbeforesheshouts"Freeze!").Wearefrightenedbothbecauseofthefilm"sclevermanipulationofstoryandimage,andforbetterreasons--welikeClarice,identifywithherandfearforher.JustlikeLecter.漢語譯文當(dāng)天翻譯過程分析或體會100字以內(nèi)！Day4Part1TheChineseGettheVote,ifOnlyfor"SuperGirl"ByJIMYARDLEYBEIJINGCHINA"Srunawaysummerhit,"SuperGirl,"endedlastweekendwithatelevisionviewershipthateclipsedthepopulationofNorthAmerica.Statenewsmediareportedthatmorethan400millionpeoplewatchedthefinaleoftheshow,an"AmericanIdol"knockoff,andsawafrizzy-hairedmusicstudentfromSichuanProvinceselectedasthewinner.8

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Butitwashowthatwinner,LiYuchun,wasselectedthathastransformed"SuperGirl"fromjustanotherevanescentofferingonChina"spopculturemenuintoapotentiallylastingpoliticalmarker.UnlikeChina"sleader,HuJintao,Ms.Liwaspopularlyelected.Fansvotedviatextmessage,andthethreefinalistsdrewmorethaneightmillionvotes,afigurethatwouldhavebeenfarhigherexceptthatpeoplehadtopaytovote.TheenormouspublicfascinationwiththeindependentlyproducedshowhasstimulatedanationwideonlinediscussiononissuesrangingfromdemocracytostandardsofbeautytowhetherMs.Liisalesbian.Inacountrywhereitisillegaltoorganizemanytypesofpublicmeetings,fansformedboosterclubsandcanvassedmallstocourtprospectivevoters.Therewereevenaccusationsofvoterfraud,asrabidfanscircumventedtherulelimitingeachpersonto15votes."It"slikeagiganticgamethathassweptsomanypeopleintoaeuphoriaofvoting,whichisatestamenttoasocietyopeningup,"asocialcommentator,ZhuDake,toldstatemedia.NooneissayingthatthefrenzysurroundingtheshowrepresentsathreattotherulingCommunistPartyorforeshadowstheemergenceofmeaningfulelectivepoliticsinChina.Butthedegreetowhichtheshowresonatedwithpeopleseemstohaveunsettledthegovernment"spropagandaleaders.Thereisalreadyspeculationitwillbecancelednextyear.Indeed,theshowissignificantnotsimplybecausepeoplewereallowedtovoteforthewinnerbutalsobecauseofthewinnertheyvotedfor.Ms.Li,21,isalmosttheantithesisoftheassembly-linebeautiesregularlyoffereduponthegovernment"sChinaCentralTelevision,orCCTV.Tallandgangly,withathatchoffrizzyhair,theadjectivesmostusedtodescribeherinthemediawere"boyish"or"androgynous."Somecommentatorsspeculatedthatherfanbaseconsistedofyounggirlswhoconsideredhertobetheir"boyfriend"becauseofherappearance."Ihavenosuchfeelings,"shetoldoneinterviewer."Thatistheirchoice.Iamanindependentperson."WangYao,24,agraduatestudentinBeijing,watchedthefinalswithagroupoffemalefriends.SheknewthegossipaboutMs.Libutwasmoreimpressedwithherconfidenceandstagepresence.ShealsothoughtMs.Liwouldneverhavebeenabletowinasimilarcontestonstatetelevisionbecauseofherunorthodoxappearanceandmanner."Thistimeitdependedtotallyontext-messagevoting,"Ms.Wangsaid."That"swhyIthinktheresultsaretotallydifferent."TheprogramwasproducedbyadaringsatellitetelevisionstationinHunanProvince,insouthernChina,andsponsoredbyadairycompany.Hence,thefulltitleoftheshow:"TheMongolianCowSourYogurtSuperGirlContest."Severalmonthsago,morethan120,000contestantsauditionedinfivedifferentcitiesinaweek-after-weekeliminationprocessthatgrewinpopularityasthefieldwaswhittleddown.UnlikemuchprogrammingthatcomesoutofBeijingorShanghai,"SuperGirl"featuredyoungwomenfromtheprovinces.Formanyfans,itwasthelackofpolishoftheperformers,andthelackofpredictabilityofthevotingresults,thatmadetheprogramaddictive.Ratingssteadilygrewuntilthefinalepisode,whichthestatemediasaiddrewmoreviewersthanthegovernment"sperennialblockbustervarietyshowatthebeginningofeachNewYearcelebration.Thepopularityoftheshowalsomadeitadiscussionpointforintellectuals,withopinion

dividedonwhetheritsignaledhowmuchcloserChinahadcometodemocracyormerelyreinforcedhowfarithadtogo.OthercommentatorsweremoreconcernedthattheprogramsignaledthefurthererosionoftraditionalChineseculture.Recently,perhapsjealousofthehighratings,perhapssimplycarryingoutordersfromabove,CCTVheldaforumthatcriticizedtheshowfordebasingChineseculture.Inasignthatperhapsproducerswantedtodeflectthepoliticalpressure,thefinalshowwastoneddownandincludedsometraditionalacts.Evenso,afterthefinale,thegovernment"sofficialEnglish-languagenewspaper,ChinaDaily,acknowledgedthedebateinspiredbytheshowandalsotartlyasked:"Howcomeanimitationofademocraticsystemendsupselectingthesingerwhohastheleastabilitytocarryatune?"Ms.LiandotherfinalistsarescheduledtoreleaseaCDsoon.Tryoutsfornextyear"sshowaretobegininafewmonths,assuming"SuperGirl"isnotcanceled.Butthereisgoodreasontothinkthatit,orsometypeofimitator,willbeontheairwavesagainforthesimplereasonthattheprogramreportedlymadegobsofmoney.漢語譯文Day4Part2OnPostgraduateEnrollmentReform:PostgraduateEntrance-examinationCheatingPerspectiveAbstract:Currentlyitiscommonlyseenthatcheatingactivitiesprevailinthepostgraduateentranceexaminationwithincreasingcooperation,hi-techinvolvementanduniversalexistence,subjectivereasonsforwhicharetheutilitarianpurposeandblindly-followingpsychologyoftheindividualcandidates,andthelossofintegrity-and-honestymechanismandsoon;andexternalreasons(alsoknownasinstitutionalones)forwhichcanbefoundintheexcessiveincreaseinenrollment,imperfectionofexaminationregulations,improperdesignofexaminationpapersanddeficiencyofexaminationlaws/rules,etc.,resultinginprevailingcheatingactivitiesandconstantlyimprovedmeans.Inthisthesis,theauthormakesananalysisoftheseinstitutionalreasons,aimingatbanningthebreedingandspreadofcheatingwiththepracticeofproposedpostgraduateenrollmentreform,adaptationofexam-paperstructureandemploymentoftwo-stagequalificationexamination,etc.Keywords:postgraduateexamination,enrollmentexamination,cheating,institutionalreform英語原文

漢語譯文當(dāng)天翻譯過程分析或體會100字以內(nèi)！Day5PROCESSESANDOUTCOMESINNETWORKEDCLASSROOMINTERACTION:DEFININGTHERESEARCHAGENDAFORL2COMPUTER-ASSISTEDCLASSROOMDISCUSSIONLourdesOrtegaUniversityofHawai"iatManoaABSTRACTThepresentpaperfocusesontheuseofonenetworkedtechnology,namelysynchronouscomputer-mediatedinteraction,inthesecondlanguage(L2)classroom.Thescopeisintentionallylimitedtoresearchconcernedwithevaluatingthepotentialbenefitsofcomputer-assistedclassroomdiscussion(CACD)intermsofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)theory.ThefindingsstemmingfromtheexistingbodyofL2researchonCACDarecriticallyexaminedandanumberofmethodologicalsuggestionsareofferedforfutureresearchonCACD.Itissuggestedthatinadditiontoanalyzinglanguageoutcomesbymeansofwell-motivatedmeasuresofL2useandL2acquisition,amultiplicityofdatasourcesbeusedinCACDresearch,soastobeabletodocumenttheprocesseslearnersactuallyengageinwheninterpretingandcarryingoutCACDtasks.Aprocess-andtask-drivenresearchagendaforL2CACDisproposedwiththeultimategoalofdescribingthenatureoflanguage,learning,andinteractionfosteredinnetworkedsynchronouscommunicationandtoascertainwhichfeaturesofCACDmayormaynotberelevanttotheprocessesinvolvedinsecondlanguageacquisition.Computer-MediatedDiscussionintheLanguageClassroomTheuseofnetworkedcomputersforthepurposeoflargegroupdiscussionsinlanguageeducationalcontextsbeganwithhearingimpairedstudentslearningL1compositionatGallaudetUniversity(Batson,1988).Thesoftwareapplicationforcomputer-assistedclassroomdiscussion(CACD)whichismostwidelyusedinforeignlanguageclassroomsistheDaedalusIntegratedWritingEnvironment(DaedalusInc.,1989)anditsapplicationInterChange.Thissoftwarewasdevelopedinthe1980sintheEnglishDepartmentattheUniversityofTexasatAustinbyFredKemp,ascholarincompositionstudies,and11

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colleagues.SocialtheoriesofwritinginstructionthatemphasizethecollaborativenatureofmeaningandwritingwereatthecoreoftheDaedalussoftwareasitwasintendedtobeusedincompositionclasses(seeBarker&Kemp,1990;andforadiscussionoftheconcomitantsocialepistemictheoryofwriting,seeBerlin,1987).Inforeignlanguageclasses,DaedalusbegantobeusedalsointheUniversityofTexasatAustinintheearly1990s,buttheorientationwasmoreontarget-languagepracticethanonthedevelopmentofwritingskills.Inthelastsixyears,asmallnumberofFLstudies(andmostrecentlyESLstudies)havereportedontheuseofInterChange/DaedalusinCACDinvariousFLclassesinuniversitiesintheUnitedStates,typicallyforgeneralclassroomdiscussionpurposesratherthaninconnectionwithL2writinginstruction.HowdoesCACDwork?DuringatypicalDaedalus/InterChangesessioninthecomputerlab,eachstudentsitsinfrontofacomputerterminalandisfreetotypeinmessagesthatcanbesentbyclickingonthe"send"buttononthescreen.Sentmessagesappearontheupperhalfofallindividualscreens,displayedintheorderinwhichtheyweresentandautomaticallyidentifiedwiththenameofthesender.Allclassmemberscanreadeachother"scommentsattheirownpacebyscrollingupanddownthesent-messageswindow,andtheycanwritemessagesattheirownleisurewithoutinterferingeffects(freezing,etc.)fromincomingmessages.AmongthemanydifferenttypesofCALLactivitiesavailableforsecondlanguageinstruction,CACDstandsasapromisingareaforresearchinsecondlanguagelearningandteachingforseveralreasons.Forone,conductingclassdiscussionsonacomputernetworkentailsmeaningfuluseofthetargetlanguageandforcesteachersandstudentsawayfromtreatinglanguageasanobjectratherthanasamediumofcommunication(e.g.,Colomb&Simutis,1996).NotonlyisCACDacommunicativeCALLactivityinUnderwood"s(1984)sense,butitcanpromoteatask-andinteraction-drivenapproachtoL2learningandteachingwhichisthebackdroptoconcreteproposalsforcurriculumdesignsupersedingtraditionalcommunicativeapproaches(e.g.,analyticandTypeBsyllabiasoutlinedinWilkins,1976,andWhite,1988,respectively;seealsodetaileddiscussionofprocedural,process,andtasksyllabiinLong&Crookes,1993).ThecommunicativeinvestmentandthemeaningfulnessandrelevanceachievedinmanyCACDdiscussionsappeartoprovideforacontextinwhichopportunitiesforlanguagedevelopmentareenhanced,sincestudentsaremotivatedtostretchtheirlinguisticresourcesinordertomeetthedemandsofrealcommunicationinasocialcontext.Inbrief,theCACDenvironmentappearstobeoptimalfordevisingCALLactivitiesthatfacilitateandpromotecomprehensibleoutput(Swain,1985)withinaholistic,process-andtask-orientedapproachtotheL2curriculum(Long&Crookes,1993).OtherbenefitsofCACDassociatedwithlanguagelearningthathavebeenrepeatedlysingledoutintheFLliteratureare:Learnersareabletocontributeasmuchastheywantattheirownpaceandleisure;consequently,theytendtoperceiveCACDaslessthreateningandinhibitingthanoralinteractionsandproduceahighamountofwriting,withallstudentsparticipatingtoahighdegreeandallproducingseveralturns/messagespersession.Becauseoftheinteractivenatureofthewriting,learnersareexpectedtoengageinavarietyofinteractivemovesonthecomputerandtotakecontrolofmanagingthediscussion.Learnersmakeuseoftheavailableopportunitytotaketimetoplantheirmessagesand

editthem.InthiswaytheyengageinproductiveL2strategiesandprocesses.漢語譯文當(dāng)天翻譯過程分析或體會100字以內(nèi)！Day6**學(xué)院續(xù)聘英語外教的合同**學(xué)院（甲方）欲聘請美國人理查德.布魯克(Mr.RichardBourke)（乙方）,護照號：404653028，為外語系的英語教師。經(jīng)雙方協(xié)商，達成以下協(xié)議：一、甲方保證：1、在校園內(nèi)提供一套免費住房，配有必要的生活設(shè)施，如：廚房（含廚具）、浴室、冰箱、洗衣機、電視、和微機，打印機，免費寬帶上網(wǎng),并及時更新電腦軟件，電話（費用自理），每月補助水電費最多不超過150元。2、乙方授課時數(shù)20學(xué)時/周每月需完成80學(xué)時工作量。如果乙方每月未能完成規(guī)定的課時，甲方可安排諸如教師培訓(xùn)等工作，乙方要服從工作安排，開學(xué)初、假期前課時微調(diào)，課時不超過每月要求完成的總時數(shù)。3、合同期滿時甲方提供中國**---美國北卡迪那飛機票，或支付人民幣現(xiàn)金5000元作異地交通補貼。4、購買與中方員工一樣的平安保險，如遇特殊疾病影響教學(xué)，病假超過三周以上，甲方有權(quán)單方解除合同。對家庭成員不承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。5、課前提供教材和必要的教學(xué)資料。6、每月提供免稅的6000元月薪，每月10日為發(fā)薪日。如乙方承擔(dān)的課時超過合同規(guī)定的學(xué)時，付給經(jīng)雙方同意的超課時講課費，即80元/學(xué)時，超課時講課費學(xué)期末根據(jù)每月完成的課時總量核準(zhǔn)。假期帶薪。7、工作一學(xué)年，提供國內(nèi)旅游補貼費201*元人民幣，不滿一年，補貼按實際工作的月份支付。8、上課班級學(xué)生數(shù)在50名左右。9、如果乙方兩次教學(xué)評估不合格，甲方有權(quán)單方解除合同；如果乙方連續(xù)違反合同，如遲到、早退和缺課等，甲方有權(quán)單方解除合同。10、合同生效后，甲方有權(quán)根據(jù)乙方的能力、合作意愿和教學(xué)質(zhì)量來調(diào)整授課班級13

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教學(xué)計劃和時數(shù)以及合作的延續(xù)。乙方全力支持甲方工作，如果乙方不服從甲方工作安排，甲方有權(quán)單方解除合同，但不承擔(dān)任何違約責(zé)任。11、負(fù)擔(dān)乙方在中國國內(nèi)簽證延期費用。二、乙方保證：1、每周完成20學(xué)時的教學(xué)任務(wù)，主要教授英語口語，包括期末出題、評卷。如不能完成規(guī)定課時，可將剩余課時用于教師教學(xué)研討和培訓(xùn)，積極承擔(dān)額外教學(xué)任務(wù)，尤其當(dāng)其他外教生病時主動為其承擔(dān)教學(xué)任務(wù)。2、參加學(xué)生組織的“英語角”等課外活動等，遵守學(xué)院及系內(nèi)規(guī)定，如有違反愿與中方職工一樣接受處分。3、愛護房間內(nèi)的一切公共物品，如有意損壞，與中方職工一樣按價賠償，如過失損壞就不用賠償。4、工作期間，嚴(yán)禁請假，特殊原因除外（疾病、意外傷害等），請假期間，其他教師承擔(dān)教學(xué)的講課費從乙方工資中扣除。另外，家庭成員的來往過境費用自理。5、乙方必須遵守中華人民共和國的有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)以及甲方的有關(guān)規(guī)章制度，遵守中國關(guān)于外事活動的一切規(guī)定。6、無甲方許可，不可做兼職工作，如有違反，承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。7、合同期滿前60天以書面形式通知甲方是否續(xù)約。8、積極參與甲方對乙方的教學(xué)評估。9、禁止向甲方提供錯誤信息，如個人健康，學(xué)歷證書等。如乙方提供錯誤信息，則因乙方提供錯誤信息產(chǎn)生的法律后果及給甲方造成的損失均由乙方承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。三、雙方保證：1、共同遵守本合同內(nèi)的一切款項，不得隨意違背。2、如有爭議，雙方應(yīng)本著友好合作的原則，協(xié)商解決，如無法解決，可訴諸法律。3、在合同有效期內(nèi)，雙方不得隨意解除合同，如甲方非因法定或約定的原因解除合同，須向乙方支付違約金10000元人民幣；如乙方無故解除合同，須向甲方支付違約金10000元人民幣。4、甲方為乙方辦理工作證。四、本合同有效期自201*年1月1日起，至201*年12月31日止。甲方代表簽字：日期：乙方簽字：日期：英語譯文

當(dāng)天翻譯過程分析或體會100字以內(nèi)！Day7Part1牡丹江簡介牡丹江是一座歷史積淀非常厚重的城市，是滿族發(fā)祥地之一，造就了鶯歌嶺文化、唐代渤海文化、清代寧古塔流人文化、“闖關(guān)東”文化、抗聯(lián)文化、北大荒文化以及火山文化、口岸文化等多種文化傳承交融，不同的風(fēng)土人情造就了牡丹江獨特的民風(fēng)民俗，使牡丹江成為開放度高、包容度高、思想比較活躍和開放的地區(qū)，鑄就了“求實創(chuàng)新、跨越爭先”的城市品格。牡丹江景色天成，是一個風(fēng)光秀麗的旅游城市。位于北溫帶中部，屬溫帶大陸季風(fēng)氣候，半濕潤地區(qū)。地處盆地，四面環(huán)山，四季分明。冬可玩雪、夏可避暑、秋可觀山、春可采摘。牡丹江有世界第一大高山堰塞湖鏡泊湖，以及中國雪鄉(xiāng)、唐代渤海國遺址等景區(qū)景點450多處，是國家級旅游城市。漢語原文英語譯文Day7Part2陜南災(zāi)后綠色鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)營建策略研究國家十一五科技支撐計劃重點項目“地震后災(zāi)區(qū)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)技術(shù)集成與示范”項目編號：201*BAK51B04王*1靳**21**大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院教授、博導(dǎo)2**大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院講師、在讀博士摘要：“5.12”特大地震后，陜西省南部受到嚴(yán)重的破壞，尤其是寧強縣和略陽縣，災(zāi)后重建任務(wù)十分艱巨。面對社會各界的支援，災(zāi)區(qū)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的機遇，但如何在災(zāi)后全方位的營建綠色社區(qū)，并充分體現(xiàn)地域特色，也是一次嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。災(zāi)后重建，要求我們不僅僅考慮房屋建筑等硬件實施的營建，還應(yīng)統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃考慮農(nóng)村主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)恢復(fù)與技術(shù)提升，更新產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，以及建設(shè)新的循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)模式。為此結(jié)合項目的實施，我們特提出應(yīng)結(jié)合該地區(qū)地域特點、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和農(nóng)村社會發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，從農(nóng)村社區(qū)規(guī)劃及建設(shè)發(fā)展模式開發(fā)與示范等方面營建綠色鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)。關(guān)鍵詞：災(zāi)后重建新農(nóng)村綠色鄉(xiāng)村營建策略1引言15

漢語原文

201*年5月12日14時28分04秒，四川省汶川縣發(fā)生8.0級特大地震。這次地震，是新中國成立以來破壞性最強、波及范圍最廣、救災(zāi)難度最大的一次地震，波及四川、甘肅、陜西、重慶等16個省區(qū)市。災(zāi)后重建任務(wù)十分艱巨，黨和政府高度重視，國家科技部及時推出“國家十一五科技支撐計劃重點項目”“地震后災(zāi)區(qū)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)技術(shù)集成與示范”，由西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)主持，聯(lián)合西安建筑科技大學(xué)、同濟大學(xué)等單位，在陜西受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重的寧強縣廣坪鎮(zhèn)駱家嘴村建立示范點，開展“陜南災(zāi)后綠色鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)建設(shè)技術(shù)集成與示范”的研究。課題組歷經(jīng)多次調(diào)研、踏勘、測繪、規(guī)劃設(shè)計、實驗、現(xiàn)場施工、經(jīng)驗總結(jié)等大量工作，針對如何在災(zāi)后營建綠色社區(qū)提出相應(yīng)營建策略，以供探討。2機遇與挑戰(zhàn)災(zāi)后社區(qū)營建陜西省寧強縣位于陜西省西南角，全縣總面積3246.8平方公里，常用耕地面積31萬畝，總?cè)丝?3.96萬人，屬中低山區(qū)縣。此次大地震，寧強縣26個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)普遍受災(zāi)，其中，寧強縣內(nèi)臨近四川的廣坪、青木川、毛壩河、禪家?guī)r、二郎壩等鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)災(zāi)情十分嚴(yán)重。位于寧強縣西南角廣坪鎮(zhèn)的駱家嘴村則為受災(zāi)最為嚴(yán)重的村落，該村境內(nèi)丘陵起伏，村域面積38.6平方公里，其中森林面積1863公頃，耕地面積1110畝。全村轄10個村民小組387戶1490人。該村百分之九十以上的房屋在此次地震中受損，電力、水利、交通等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施嚴(yán)重?fù)p毀。由于當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟相對落后，震后更是雪上加霜，很難再有經(jīng)濟能力重建自己的家園。雖然土坯房大多數(shù)毀壞，但是可以看出是由于當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民建造技術(shù)的原因，屋頂雖然已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重毀壞，但是墻體仍保持完好，因此這種原始生態(tài)的建筑材料在災(zāi)后重建中應(yīng)重點考慮。（如圖1、2）圖1寧強縣廣坪鎮(zhèn)駱家嘴村震后民居圖2寧強縣廣坪鎮(zhèn)駱家嘴村震后民居特大地震災(zāi)害之后，恢復(fù)重建的重點在農(nóng)村，難點也在農(nóng)村。地震后，災(zāi)區(qū)農(nóng)村建設(shè)是我們面臨的一個新課題、新挑戰(zhàn)。震后，國家及各級政府十分重視，積極投入大量人力、物力、財力到災(zāi)區(qū)建設(shè)中，這為陜南災(zāi)后鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)帶來了良好的機遇，但由于災(zāi)區(qū)農(nóng)村大多數(shù)分布在山區(qū)，該地區(qū)原有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施差，技術(shù)落后，面對前所未有的災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建任務(wù)，如何通過災(zāi)后重建真正做到讓農(nóng)村繁榮、讓農(nóng)民受益、讓我國村鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)走向可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路也是我們面臨的課題與挑戰(zhàn)。災(zāi)后重建任務(wù)艱巨復(fù)雜，涉及當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的方方面面，必須統(tǒng)籌兼顧，科學(xué)規(guī)劃。不僅要安排好人類活動空間，還要考慮人與自然和諧相處，不僅要考慮恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)，還要考慮促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整；不僅要考慮促進經(jīng)濟增長，還要合理安排經(jīng)濟布局；不僅要體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化要求，還要注意保護歷史文化遺產(chǎn)。這樣才能貫徹體現(xiàn)綠色鄉(xiāng)村營建的特點。

英語譯文當(dāng)天翻譯過程分析或體會100字以內(nèi)！Day8Part1一頓午餐我打碎了一個重要的杯子，然后坐下來吃飯--面包、牛奶、雞蛋和辣醬，基本上西式風(fēng)格。突然，想聽羅大佑的那首歌《你的樣子》。于是找出磁帶，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)今天停電。人生總是這樣！人生總是不完美!這樣也好。這樣才有希望。于是繼續(xù)吃飯。英語譯文漢語原文Day8Part2窗在一家醫(yī)院的病房里，曾住過兩位病人，他們的病情都很嚴(yán)重。這間病房十分窄小，僅能容得下他們?nèi)�。病房設(shè)有一扇門和一個窗戶，門通向走廊，透過窗戶可以看到外界。其中一位病人經(jīng)允許，可以分別在每天上午和下午起身坐上一個小時。這位病人的病床靠近窗口。而另一位病人則不得不日夜躺臥在病床上。當(dāng)然，兩位病人都需要靜養(yǎng)治療。使他們感到尤為痛苦的是，兩人的病情不允許他們做任何事情借以消遣，既不能讀書閱報，也不能聽收音機、看電視……只有靜靜地躺著。而且只有他們兩個人。噢，兩人經(jīng)常談天，談就是幾個小時。他們談起各自的家庭妻小，各自的工作，各自在戰(zhàn)爭中做過些什么，曾在哪些地方度假，等等。每天上午和下午，時間一到，靠近窗戶的病人就被扶起身來，開始一小時的仰坐。每當(dāng)這時，他就開始為同伴描述起他所見到的窗外的一切。漸漸地，每天的這兩個小時，幾乎就成了他和同伴生活中全部內(nèi)容了。很顯然，這個窗戶俯瞰著一座公園，公園里面有一泓湖水，湖面上照例漫游著一群群野鴨、天鵝。公園里的孩子們有的在扔面包喂這些水禽，有的在擺弄游艇模型。一對17

漢語原文

對年輕的情侶手挽著手在樹萌下散步。公園里鮮花盛開，主要有玫瑰花，但四周還有五彩斑瀾、爭相斗妍的牡丹花和金盞草。在公園那端的一角，有一塊網(wǎng)球場。有時那兒進行的比賽確實精彩，不時也有幾場板球賽，雖然球藝夠不上正式?jīng)Q賽的水平，但是，有得看總比沒有強。那邊還有一塊用于玩滾木球的草坪。公園的盡頭是一排商店。在這些商店的后邊，鬧市區(qū)隱約可見。躺著的那位病人津津有味地聽著這一切。這個時刻的每一分鐘對他來說都是一種享受。描述仍在繼續(xù)：一個孩童怎樣差一點跌入湖中，身著夏裝的姑娘是多么美麗動人。接著，又是一場扣人心弦的網(wǎng)球賽。他聽著這栩栩如生的描述，仿佛親眼看到了窗外所發(fā)生的一切。一天下午，當(dāng)聽到一名板球隊員正慢悠悠地把球擊得四處皆是時，不靠窗口的病人，突然產(chǎn)生了一個想法：為什么偏偏是挨著窗戶的那個人，有幸能觀賞到窗外的一切？為什么自己不應(yīng)得到這種機會呢？他為自己會有這種想法而感到慚愧，竭力不再這么想。可是，他愈加克制，這種想法卻變得愈加強烈，直至幾天以后，這個想法已經(jīng)進一步變?yōu)榫o挨著窗口的為什么不該是我呢？他白晝無時不為這一想法所困擾，晚上，又徹夜難眠。結(jié)果，病情一天天加重了，醫(yī)生們對其病因不得而知。一天晚上，他照例睜著雙眼盯著天花板。這時，他的同伴突然醒來，開始大聲咳嗽，呼吸急促，時斷時續(xù)，液體已經(jīng)充塞了他的肺腔，他兩手摸索著，在找電鈴的按鈕，只要電鈴一響，值班的護土就會立即趕來。但是，另一位病人卻紋絲不動地看著。心想，他憑什么要占據(jù)窗口那張床位呢?痛苦的咳嗽聲打破了黑夜的沉靜。一聲又一聲……卡住了……停止了……直至最后呼吸聲也停止了。另一位病人仍然繼續(xù)盯著天花板。第二天早晨，醫(yī)護人員送來了漱口水，發(fā)現(xiàn)那個病人早已咽氣了，他們靜悄悄地將尸體抬了出去，絲毫沒有大驚小怪。稍過了幾天，似乎這時開口已經(jīng)正當(dāng)?shù)皿w。剩下的這位病人就立刻提出是否能讓他挪到窗口的那張床上去。醫(yī)護人員把他抬了過去，將他舒舒服服地安頓在那張病床上。接著他們離開了病房，剩下他一個靜靜地躺在那兒。醫(yī)生剛一離開，這位病人就十分痛苦地掙扎著，用一支胳膊肘支起了身子，口中氣喘吁吁。他探頭朝窗口望去。他看到的只是光禿禿的一堵墻。英語譯文

當(dāng)天翻譯過程分析或體會100字以內(nèi)！Day9Part1***，西安建筑科技大學(xué)土木工程學(xué)院副教授，國家住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部村鎮(zhèn)司農(nóng)房建設(shè)技術(shù)西部研究中心主任，長期從事村鎮(zhèn)建筑抗震防災(zāi)研究與實踐。近年來走遍中西部廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)，對農(nóng)村住房建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀有深入了解。特別是四川汶川地震及青海玉樹地震后，配合國家住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部進行了大量震損農(nóng)房的調(diào)研、評估及農(nóng)房恢復(fù)重建指導(dǎo)工作。**，男，1951生，西安建筑科技大學(xué)教授，博士生導(dǎo)師�，F(xiàn)任西安建筑科技大學(xué)建筑與環(huán)境研究所所長，主要從事地域文化與鄉(xiāng)土建筑、生土建筑、城市公共空間設(shè)計等方面的研究。陜西省重點學(xué)科－建筑設(shè)計及其理論學(xué)科帶頭人之一，陜西省名牌專業(yè)－建筑學(xué)專業(yè)責(zé)任教授。主持國家自然科學(xué)基金項目兩項，多年來致力于黃土高原人居環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究與地域建筑文化研究。在窯洞與生土建筑研究領(lǐng)域處國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先地位。漢語原文**，1970年4月18日生于重慶，1992年7月獲西安建筑科技大學(xué)建筑學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，1996年2月獲重慶建筑大學(xué)建筑學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，201*年1月獲重慶建筑大學(xué)城市規(guī)劃與設(shè)計博士學(xué)位。201*年晉升正高級工程師，注冊城市規(guī)劃師。201*年評為教授，西安建筑科技大學(xué)碩士生導(dǎo)師。1992年至今從事建筑設(shè)計和城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計，獲四川省城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計一等獎2項，全國城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計三等獎2項，全國勘察設(shè)計三等獎1項。出版學(xué)術(shù)專著一部，發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文23篇。四川省突出貢獻專家，第九屆四川省青年科技獎獲獎?wù)摺，F(xiàn)任四川省城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計研究院總工程師。***，西安建筑科技大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院教授，博導(dǎo)，國家公派訪問學(xué)者，中國"西部之光"訪問學(xué)者。長期從事西部弱勢群體人居環(huán)境發(fā)展、歷史文化村鎮(zhèn)保護、城市設(shè)計等領(lǐng)域的課題研究與規(guī)劃設(shè)計工程實踐。近年主持完成國家自然科學(xué)基金一項，在研國家級、省部級縱向課題6項，主編學(xué)術(shù)專著1部，發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文20余篇。

英語譯文Day9Part2外交部：美南海問題聲明發(fā)嚴(yán)重錯誤信號新華網(wǎng)北京8月4日電中國外交部發(fā)言人秦剛4日就美國務(wù)院發(fā)表所謂南海問題聲明闡明中方嚴(yán)正立場。秦剛說，8月3日，美國國務(wù)院就南海問題發(fā)表所謂聲明，罔顧事實，混淆是非，發(fā)出了嚴(yán)重錯誤信號，無助于有關(guān)各方維護南海乃至亞太地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定的努力。中方對此表示強烈不滿和堅決反對。秦剛說，中國對南海諸島及其附近海域擁有無可爭辯的主權(quán)，這方面的歷史事實是清楚的。而且，1959年中國就設(shè)立了隸屬廣東省的西、南、中沙群島辦事處，對西沙、中沙和南沙群島的島礁及其海域進行行政管轄。此次設(shè)立三沙市是中國對現(xiàn)有有關(guān)地方行政管轄機構(gòu)的必要調(diào)整，是中國主權(quán)范圍內(nèi)的事情。他說，需要指出的是，20多年來，在中國和有關(guān)地區(qū)國家的共同努力下，保持了南海的和平穩(wěn)定，航行自由和正常貿(mào)易得到充分保障。201*年，中國和東盟國家共同簽署《南海各方行為宣言》�！缎�言》明確規(guī)定，由直接有關(guān)的主權(quán)國家通過友好協(xié)商和談判，以和平方式解決領(lǐng)土和管轄權(quán)爭議，同時承諾不采取使?fàn)幾h復(fù)雜化、擴大化的行動�，F(xiàn)在令人擔(dān)心的是，個別國家不尊重、不遵守《宣言》，以挑釁的方式一而再、再而三地破壞《宣言》的基本原則和精神，也給商談“南海行為準(zhǔn)則”制造了困難。因此，中方在對同東盟國家商談“南海行為準(zhǔn)則”持開放態(tài)度的同時，主張各方必須嚴(yán)格遵守《宣言》，以為商談“準(zhǔn)則”創(chuàng)造必要條件和氣氛。秦剛說，美方對中國正常、合理之舉的無端指責(zé)不能不使人們對美方的意圖提出質(zhì)疑。美國為什么對有的國家在南海劃出大批油氣區(qū)塊、出臺將中國的島礁和海域劃為己有的國內(nèi)立法視而不見，為什么對有的國家出動軍艦威脅中國漁民，對無爭議的中國島礁無理提出主權(quán)要求避而不談，卻對中方應(yīng)對這些挑釁行為的合理、適度反應(yīng)提出無端指責(zé)？又為什么在地區(qū)有關(guān)國家加強對話溝通、努力化解矛盾、平息事態(tài)之際突兀發(fā)聲，撥弄是非？這種選擇性視盲和發(fā)聲有悖其所聲稱的對爭議“不持立場”、“不介入”的態(tài)度，不利于地區(qū)國家的團結(jié)合作與和平穩(wěn)定。他說，當(dāng)前，全球經(jīng)濟低迷，一些地區(qū)國家動蕩，亞太是相對穩(wěn)定和最具活力的地區(qū)，也是世界經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的重要支撐。美方應(yīng)該順應(yīng)時代潮流，尊重本地區(qū)國家謀和平、求穩(wěn)定、促發(fā)展的普遍愿望和有關(guān)共識，尊重中國的主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，多做有利于亞太穩(wěn)定繁榮的事，而不是相反。秦剛說，中國同東盟建立對話關(guān)系20多年來，建立了發(fā)展中國家間最大的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，共同應(yīng)對了亞洲金融危機、國際金融危機和重大自然災(zāi)害等各種挑戰(zhàn)，各領(lǐng)域合作全面推進。中國重視同東盟的友好合作關(guān)系，支持東盟一體化進程，支持東盟在東亞合作中的主導(dǎo)地位，愿同東盟一道努力，排除干擾，進一步推動雙方戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系向前20漢語原文

發(fā)展。英語譯文當(dāng)天翻譯過程分析或體會100字以內(nèi)！Day10西部鄉(xiāng)村低收入人群民居災(zāi)后設(shè)計以512四川大坪村災(zāi)后重建為例**，***【作者簡介】：**，西安建筑科技大學(xué)，建筑學(xué)院，博士生，助教地址：西安建筑科技大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院郵編：710055***，西安建筑科技大學(xué)，建筑學(xué)院，特聘教授，博士生導(dǎo)師【項目基金】：1．國家創(chuàng)新研究群體科學(xué)基金項目《西部地域建筑環(huán)境與能耗控制理論研究》（項目編號50921005）資助；漢語原文2．西安建筑科技大學(xué)青年科技基金《四川彭州大坪村災(zāi)后重建鄉(xiāng)村聚落生態(tài)化創(chuàng)作思路研究》（項目編號DA02039）資助；【摘要】：本文以四川省彭州市通濟鎮(zhèn)大坪村民居災(zāi)后重建為例，探討了我國西部鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)這一低收入人群在面臨嚴(yán)峻的經(jīng)濟貧困與生態(tài)貧困的狀態(tài)下，如何解決新建建筑與環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展問題。在明確原有民居缺陷的基礎(chǔ)上，新建民居注重從解決建筑安全性，尊重當(dāng)?shù)厣�活方式出發(fā)，采用當(dāng)?shù)夭牧�、沿用傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、改進室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境、利用自然通風(fēng)與采光、發(fā)掘可再生能源利用技術(shù)等，在降低建造與運行成本的同時做到對自然環(huán)境的保護與民居的持久發(fā)展�！娟P(guān)鍵詞】：災(zāi)后重建，鄉(xiāng)村民居，低收入，建造成本，運行成本1．前言201*年5月12日，一場巨大的地震災(zāi)害襲擊了我國四川省大部分地區(qū)。受災(zāi)區(qū)處于我國西部地區(qū)，西部地區(qū)的特殊性主要表現(xiàn)在：西部總體自然環(huán)境差、生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,人口增長速度快，人地關(guān)系矛盾突出，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展相對落后，鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)貧困現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，面臨一系列的生態(tài)破壞與退化問題。西部地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境具有十分重要的位置，是我國生

態(tài)環(huán)境的重要屏障，其環(huán)境的優(yōu)劣直接決定了我國總體環(huán)境狀況。因此，該地區(qū)災(zāi)后重建要在經(jīng)濟條件相對較差的基礎(chǔ)上注重防災(zāi)減災(zāi)安全性，還要注重對自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護。課題組作為志愿者團隊，在北京地球村環(huán)境文化中心的倡導(dǎo)和組織下，對四川省彭州市通濟鎮(zhèn)大坪村開展了地震災(zāi)區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村民居可持續(xù)性發(fā)展研究，進行了災(zāi)后重建的方案創(chuàng)作，并應(yīng)用于第一期44戶示范工程建設(shè)。2．四川大坪村受災(zāi)情況大坪村隸屬于四川省彭州市通濟鎮(zhèn)，位于成都西北約70公里處（東經(jīng)103°49′，北緯30°9′）的大坪山上，海拔高度約1400米，與龍門山隔白水河溝相望，直線距離汶川縣城不足30公里。512大地震中，大坪村遭受嚴(yán)重創(chuàng)傷，道路中斷，橋梁破壞，新建磚混結(jié)構(gòu)房屋全部倒塌，傳統(tǒng)的木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋亦破壞嚴(yán)重，無法繼續(xù)使用，村民生產(chǎn)、生活活動幾乎無法進行[2](如圖1)。3．大坪村經(jīng)濟狀況大坪村所處自然環(huán)境優(yōu)美，但是由于受地理條件、觀念等等的限制，當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟發(fā)展相對緩慢。主要原因在于：1）交通不便大坪村海拔1400米，當(dāng)?shù)卮迕裆�活在崇山峻嶺之中，平地少，山地多，出行交通極其不便，基本以步代車，徒步約6km的崎嶇山路。5.12地震后，這里的山路受到了嚴(yán)重的破壞。2）收入渠道單一當(dāng)?shù)卮迕穹N植的農(nóng)作物主要有玉米、土豆、洋姜，而這些作物所帶來的收入僅夠平日開銷。村民的經(jīng)濟收入主要是靠種植黃蓮獲得。地震發(fā)生后，黃連受嚴(yán)重破壞，該部分經(jīng)濟收入被切斷。除此外，當(dāng)?shù)夭糠帜贻p勞動力農(nóng)閑時外出打工貼補家用，地震后都回來重建家園。因此，收入比之前更低。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，44戶村民年收入在3000元以下的占到7%；3000元-5000元的占到16%，5000元-7000元的占到27%，7000元-10000元的占到23%，10000元以上的占到27%，(如圖2)。3）旅游業(yè)發(fā)展受制約大坪村自然環(huán)境優(yōu)美，適宜于大力發(fā)展旅圖2當(dāng)?shù)卮迕衩繎裟昃�收入狀況游業(yè)以增加當(dāng)?shù)卮迕袷杖�。但限于�?dāng)?shù)鼗�礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后、交通不便、啟動資金不足等，很大程度上制約了當(dāng)?shù)芈糜谓?jīng)濟的發(fā)展。4)新建住宅經(jīng)濟投入災(zāi)后重建中，在當(dāng)?shù)卣�府、北京地球村環(huán)境文化中心和中國紅十字基金會大力的經(jīng)濟支持下進行。政府根據(jù)人口與建房規(guī)模每戶資助1.6或1.9萬元不等，中國紅十字基金會按人口計算，每人資助4850元。據(jù)調(diào)查了解，在新建的44戶中，一口之家有1戶；二口之家有9戶，三口之家有22

圖1地震對大坪村民居破壞情況

12戶；四口之家有14戶；五口之家有6戶；六口之家有2戶。

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