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計算機系團委例會會議記錄(陳俊杰)

網(wǎng)站:公文素材庫 | 時間:2019-05-30 00:03:13 | 移動端:計算機系團委例會會議記錄(陳俊杰)

計算機系團委例會會議記錄(陳俊杰)

計算機系團委例會會議記錄

時間:201*年12月3日地點:B303

主持人:計算機系團委秘書處副秘書長黃志強記錄人:計算機系團委秘書處干事陳俊杰缺席人數(shù):9

具體內(nèi)容:流程:一、團委各部門作11月份工作總結(jié)和12月份工作計劃的匯報;二、團委各部門干事代表上臺發(fā)言分享11月的工作心得;三、團委副書記張文盈師姐發(fā)言;

四、團委秘書長陳曉丹師姐對會議進行補充。一、團委各部門11月份工作總結(jié)和12月份工作計劃匯報秘書處:

1.11月份工作總結(jié):

1、做好我系團委干部干事室內(nèi)室外培訓(xùn)的相關(guān)工作;

2、協(xié)助團員系列教育活動的團課開展;3、協(xié)助校運會的舉辦;4、協(xié)助組織部開展團組織生活;

5、參與我系團委學(xué)生會承辦的“舞動增院”決賽的相關(guān)工作;

6、完成職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計大賽的擺攤工作7、協(xié)助創(chuàng)優(yōu)爭先活動的開展;8、整理08~10級學(xué)生的資料。12月工作計劃1、完成日常工作;

2、協(xié)助職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計大賽的舉行;3、協(xié)助團委其他部門的日常工作;4、全力落實新制度的實施。不足之處:①反饋不及時;

②部分干事不夠積極;

③干事的自主工作能力不足?扇≈帲孩俸笾谱,網(wǎng)站更新有所進步;②干事能保持高亢的工作熱情。

組織部:

1、11月工作總結(jié):

1.完成團組織生活的后期工作,包括通訊稿等資料的收;2.結(jié)束了新生團員教育活動;3.舉辦12月份團員教育活動成果展。

2、12月工作計劃:

1.繼續(xù)舉辦12月團員教育活動成果展;

2.團組織生活的開展,主要針對08、09、10級,主題是“倡導(dǎo)自主

學(xué)習(xí),建設(shè)優(yōu)良學(xué)風(fēng)”;

3.協(xié)助職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計大賽的舉行。

實踐調(diào)研部:1、11月工作總結(jié):

1.與經(jīng)濟系合辦的干部干事外出培訓(xùn);

2.完成“益暖中華”谷歌杯中國大學(xué)生創(chuàng)意大賽的計劃書;3.協(xié)助組織部舉辦團員教育活動的各項工作;4.為共享編輯部制作系刊進行拉贊;

5.配合校運會的工作和舉辦三下鄉(xiāng)活動的成果展;6.跟進福彩公益活動的相關(guān)工作。

2、12月工作計劃:

1.繼續(xù)跟進福彩公益活動的相關(guān)工作;

2.繼續(xù)完成三下鄉(xiāng)活動的總結(jié)與及紀念冊的完成;

3.繼續(xù)收集“益暖中華”谷歌杯中國大學(xué)生創(chuàng)意大賽相關(guān)資料;4.完成我系見習(xí)基地的相關(guān)工作;5.配合其他部門的各項日常工作。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)部:

1、11月工作總結(jié):

1.協(xié)助系團組織生活等活動的開展,包括團課和新老生交流會等;2.維護、更新系網(wǎng)站與及博客;3.協(xié)助共享編輯部進行系刊地制作;

4.進行干事的培訓(xùn)工作,包括PPT的制作等方面;5.協(xié)助校運會開展。

2、12月工作計劃:

1.繼續(xù)進行維護網(wǎng)絡(luò),更新系網(wǎng)站與及博客等的工作;2.繼續(xù)進行干事的培訓(xùn)工作;

3.將工作重心放在與科技部共同舉行的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計大賽。

共享編輯部:1、11月工作總結(jié):

1.拍攝工作,指出因為干事手抖、經(jīng)驗不足而導(dǎo)致照片質(zhì)量不佳的

不足之處;2.

者的公文培訓(xùn);

3.完成系刊的制作,盡快解決經(jīng)費問題的影響;4.招入一批小記者隊伍,為校運會提供了優(yōu)秀的加油稿。

2、12月工作計劃:

1.完成日常工作;

2.出版一本計算機系與旅游管理系合作的三下鄉(xiāng)活動紀念冊;3.進行小記者禮儀和通訊稿寫作等方面的培訓(xùn);4.協(xié)助職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計大賽的相關(guān)工作;5.協(xié)助其他部門的日常工作。

科技部:1、11月工作總結(jié):

1.完成挑戰(zhàn)杯的相關(guān)工作,包括通知各入圍選手與及評審老師;2.完成經(jīng)濟系“點石成金”計劃大賽的宣傳工作;3.進行干事的相關(guān)培訓(xùn);

4.配合學(xué)院科技部的戶外培訓(xùn)活動,積極與其他系進行交流;5.協(xié)助組織部開展團組織生活;

通訊稿撰寫質(zhì)量有待提高和小記6.協(xié)助校運會的舉辦;7.與經(jīng)濟系商討聯(lián)誼活動;

8.跟進與網(wǎng)絡(luò)部共同舉辦的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計大賽。

2、12月工作計劃:

1.協(xié)助“舞動增院”決賽的相關(guān)工作;2.繼續(xù)跟進職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計大賽;3.進行干事的培訓(xùn)工作;4.完成本部門的日常工作;5.協(xié)助其他部門的日常工作。

宣傳部:

1、11月工作總結(jié):

1.月板報的更新;

2.完成團課、校運會、舞動增院、新老生交流會等場地的布置工作。

2、12月工作計劃:

1.積極配合學(xué)院宣傳部的相關(guān)安排;

2.努力完成團員教育活動的宣傳工作與及場地布置工作;3.認真配合職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計大賽的宣傳工作與及后勤工作;4.協(xié)助“舞動增院”決賽的舉行;5.認真完成本部門的日常工作;6.協(xié)助其他部門的日常工作;

二、團委各部門干事代表上臺發(fā)言分享11月工作心得三、團委副書記張文盈師姐發(fā)言

1.內(nèi)容:1.每一次活動之后都有一個很大跨度的飛躍;

2.與外語系合作的團組織生活舉辦得很成功,大家都很用心,同時

佩服大家高亢的工作熱情;

3.祝賀大家成為正式的團委干事;

4.工作效率有待提高,例如在派邀請函方面,派發(fā)的時間可以選取在

飯后時間,這樣既可以完成工作,又可以走走消化一下食物,一舉兩得的方式我們在以后的工作中要靈活采用;5.光陰似箭,一個月又過去了,提醒大家要注意學(xué)習(xí)成績,落下的

科目要盡快補起來,要求全體團委干事不能掛科,績點要在1.8以上,更不能出現(xiàn)學(xué)籍預(yù)警的情況;

6.合理分配學(xué)習(xí)和工作的時間,多去圖書館;7.為福彩公益的評選活動積極投票;

8.共同協(xié)助網(wǎng)絡(luò)部和科技部舉辦職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計大賽;

9.指出擺攤的幕布懸掛的時間段,以及不要亂掛橫幅,有需要時要寫

申請;

10.干事要如實、及時向部長反映新的工作安排;11.即將進行干部干事的專題培訓(xùn)。四、團委秘書長陳曉丹師姐對會議做總結(jié)

內(nèi)容:1、要節(jié)省經(jīng)費的耗用,尤其是打印的費用,要打印在30份以下時可以去

辦公室打印,打印的張數(shù)較多時可以去“貓頭鷹“打印,各部門舉辦活動時購買所需道具前先詢問宣傳部是否以前有剩余,能省則省;

2、強調(diào)超過10元的消費要先寫書面申請,經(jīng)老師批準后才能購買,否則事后不予報銷;

3、強調(diào)各部長每個星期四都要向書記處匯報工作情況;

4、完成月工作總結(jié)、月工作計劃、月工作心得以及出勤情況的登記,有特殊情況要向?qū)?yīng)秘書處的小秘進行說明;5、公布本月的優(yōu)秀干事、干部以及優(yōu)秀部門。五、會議結(jié)束

擴展閱讀:陳俊杰畢業(yè)設(shè)計

武夷山職業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計

談詞匯空缺的原因及翻譯對策

系別:應(yīng)用外語系專業(yè)(班級):旅游英語姓名:陳俊杰學(xué)號:201*14024114指導(dǎo)教師:丁素珍完成時間:201*年6月3日

武夷山職業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制

談詞匯空缺的成因及翻譯對策

【摘要】詞匯空缺的是一種文字或文字未能找到另一種語言的對應(yīng)概念,由于倫理之間的文化差異。在跨文化的溝通過程中,詞匯的差距解釋了各種語言的鮮明民族特色,但也形成了對翻譯的障礙。為正確和有效的新詞匯翻譯的差距將在政治,經(jīng)濟,文化和對外交流方面發(fā)揮重要作用,這邊主要試圖介紹詞匯差距一般原因,并進一步分析了新的詞匯空缺現(xiàn)象的成因---改革開放。

【關(guān)鍵詞】詞匯空缺;翻譯策略;改革開放

I

OnCausesOfLexicalGapsAndTranslationTrategies

【Abstract】Lexicalgapisaconceptofsemanticsorwordsfailingtofindtheircounterpartsinanotherlanguage,duetotheculturaldifferencesbetweenethnics.Ascorrectandeffectivetranslationofthenewlexicalgapswillplayanimportantroleinthecommunicationofpolitics,economy,andculturewithforeigncountries,thispapertriestointroducegeneralcausesoflexicalgaps,andfurtheranalyzesthecausesofnewlexicalgapsanditsdistributionsincereformandopening-up.

【Keywords】

Lexicalgaps;Translationtrategies;China’sreformandopening-up

II

Contents目錄

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………….....……..….IAbstract………………………………………………………………………………………………………....III.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………..11.Definitionoflexicalgaps……………………………………………………………………………..…..12.Languageisamirrorofculture................................................................................................................1II.Generalcausesoflexicalgaps………………………………………………………………………….......11.Differencesingeography………………………………………………………...……………………….12.Differencesinhistory…………………………………………….......................………………………...22.1Customs……………………………………………………………………………………………..….22.2Religion……………………………………………………………….……………………….………..22.3Socialvalues………………………………………………………………............................................2III.Newcausesoflexicalgapsandtheircharacteristics……........................................................................31.Newcausesoflexicalgaps…………………………………………………………….............................31.1Politicalfactors………………………………………..........................................................................31.2Economicfactors………………………………………………………………………………………42.Characteristicsofthenewlexicalgaps…………………………………………………………………42.1Conciseness………………………………………………………………………………….…………42.2Contemporaryfeature…………………………….................................................................…….....5IV.Translationstrategies………………………………………………………………………….….……....51.Generalstrategies…………………………………………………………………………………….…52.Strategyshifting…………………………………………………………………………………………52.1Transliteration………………………………………………………………………………………..6V.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………...……..6VI.Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………………….......6VII.References…………………………………………………………………………………………..……7

III

I.Introductions

1.Definitionoflexicalgaps

Lexicalgapsinthedefinitionofthephenomenon,scholarsfromdifferentanglestodefine.AccordingtoGuoAixian[10](1998:42-44),lexicalgapsareoriginatedfromtheculturaldifferencesbetweenethnicandlanguage-specificthings,ortheconceptofsemanticsorwordsinanotherlanguagefailingtofindtheircounterparts,soastoformthevacanciesinthemixedculture.QinJiandong[12](1999:77-79)pointsoutthatculturesoriginatingfromdifferentgeographicalenvironmentshavebothsimilaritiesanddifferencesTakingthisintoconsideration.

2.Languageisamirrorofculture

Languageisanimportantpartofcultureisthecarrierofculture,amirrorofculture.Therefore,thevarietyofculturalfactorsiscertainlyinlinewiththelanguageandcultureinChina.Newmark(SeeZhangZhiying[6]etal,201*:2)said:“Idefinecultureasthewayoflifeandhismanifestationthatispeculiartoacommunitythatusesapeculiarlanguageasitsmeansofexpression.”[1]SusanBassnett(1991:22)alsomadeasimilarargument:“Languageistheheartwithinthebodyofculture,anditistheinteractionbetweenthetwothatresultsinthecontinuationoflife-energyinthesamewaythatthesurgeon,operatingintheheart,can’tneglectthebodythatsurroundsit,sothetranslatortreatsthetextinisolationfromthecultureathispencil.”Therefore,languageandculturearecloselyrelated.

II.Generalcausesoflexicalgaps1Differencesingeography

Aspecificnaturalenvironmentcreatesaspecificculture,andaparticularculturehasaspecificlanguageexpressioninturn([9]DaiWeipingetal,201*:15).Languageisareflectionoftheobjectiveworld.Duetogeographicaldifferences,thetwolanguagesofEnglishandChinesehaveahugedifferenceinperformance,resultinginlexicalgaps.

AsmostpartsofChinalocateintheland,people’sdailylife,includingproductionandconsumption,isinseparablefromtheland,whichgeneratesmanyland-relatedChineseexpressions.Forexample,todescribeapersonspendingalotofmoney,Chineseuse“揮金如土”toexpressthisconcept,whileEnglish-speakingpeopleusetheexpressionof“spendmoneylikewater”toindicatetheconcept.Asforthelocation,Britainisacountrysurroundedbytheseawhosenavigation,fisheriesusedtobeworldleading.Somanyidiomsarenavigationandfisheries-related.Forexample,“allatsea”meansataloss,“togobytheboard”meansplans

cometonothing,“tohanginthewind”indicateswavering,“toraisethewind”meanstoraisethemoney,“bigfish”referstosomebody,“anotherkettleoffish”referstoanothermatter.

2Differencesinhistory

2.1Customs

Inaccordancewiththetraditionalcustoms,wheneverChinesepeoplebuildahouse,theymustchooseapoisedandauspiciousday.風(fēng)水(Fengshui),thelocationofaperson’shouseandancestralgrave,issupposedtohaveaninfluenceonthefortuneofafamilyandhisoffspring.(YuanLiangping[15],201*:66-70)TheconceptoffengshuiintheWesternculturedoesnotexist.Nevertheless,astheChineseandWesternculturalexchangesstrengthen,Westernershaveunderstooditgradually.Similartermssuchas姻緣(yinyuan),陰(yin),陽(yang),etc..Totakeanotherexample,inChina,peopleregardweddingsandfuneralsas紅白喜事(redhappinessorwhitehappiness).Gettingmarried,givingbirthtoachildandcelebratingabirthdayareallcalledredhappiness,andthefuneralisreferredtowhitehappiness.InBritishandAmericanpeople’seyes,tomarryandhavechildrenasahappyeventisunderstandable,becauseinEnglishthedayofthecelebrationisknownas“redletterday”.Whileatthesametime,thedeathisalsosaidtobejoyousandwillbeabitbaffled.

2.2Religion

Religionisthemostprofoundformthataffectshumansociety.Itnotonlyinfluencestheeconomy,politics,science,philosophy,literatureandart,butalsobecomesanindispensablepartofpeople’sculturalpsychologicalstructure,andhaspotentialandlong-termimpactonpeople’sthinkingandbehavior(DaiWeipingetal,201*:1).ReligiousbeliefinWesterncountriesisindeedverycommon,andmostofpeopleinthesecountriesareChristians.TheybelievethatGodcreatestheworld.Althoughpeoplehaveinfinitewisdom,theycannotescapefromGod.WhileinChina,peoplebelievinginBuddhism,Taoism,thinkthat“老天爺”superviseseverythingintheworld.Duetothedifferentbeliefsoftheirreligions,peoplecannotunderstandclassiccharacterandthingsineachother’sreligion.Manycharactersin“Bible”havetheirownpersonalityandimage,whohavebecometypicalrepresentativesbythelong-termciting.Solomon,Moses,AdamandEvesymbolizewisdom,leaders,ancestorofhumanbeingsandthemotherofalllivingcreaturesrespectively.However,theseimagesarevacantinChina.Similarly,thecharactersof觀世音菩薩,如來佛,閻王inBuddhistand玉帝inTaoist,donotexistinthewesternculture.

2.3Socialvalues

Valuescannotbeseenortouched,butitisubiquitous.Everyculturehasitsownuniquesetofsystems.Ittellspeoplewhatkindofbehaviorthesocietyexpectandwhatkindofbehaviorthecommunitydiscard,whatweshouldloveandwhatweshouldhate,whatisbeautifulandwhatisgood,whatisuglyandwhatisbad,whatisnormalandwhatisridiculous,etc.(JiaYuxin[11],1997:58).Theobviousdifferencesofthevalues

betweentheWestandChinaaregrouporientationandindividualorientation.Westerners,especiallyAmericans,treasureindependenceandfreedomandrespectforpersonalprivacyverymuchaswell.Thecompoundwords,withthe“self”astheprefixinLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(201*),presentsmorethaneightywords,suchasself-control,self-confidence,self-dependence,self-employed,self-motivated,self-awareness,self-contemptuous,self-defeatingetc..WhileChina,thecollectivism-orientedcountry,abhorsputtingpersonalinterestsabovethecollectiveinterests.ManifestooftheCommunistPartyofChinaclearlydefinesthatindividualismisnotallowedintheCommunistparty.Inviewofthegrouporientation,theChinesepeopletreasure關(guān)系andemphasize客氣.Thewordslike客氣and關(guān)系cannotfindcounterpartsinEnglish.

III.Newcausesoflexicalgapsandtheircharacteristics

Theaboveanalysisisgenerallyacceptedvocabularyofthereasonsforthegap.However,theneweraoftheemergenceofnewtrendsinthegrowinggapbetweenthevocabularyofpoliticalandeconomicfactors,butmainlybecausethereformandopeningup.

1.Newcausesoflexicalgaps

1.1Politicalfactors

Whatkindofpoliticalsystemdoesacountryhave,itsculturewillcertainlyshowitstypicalpoliticscharacteristics,andthenreflectintheirlanguage,especiallyinthevocabulary.TakeAmericanpoliticsasanexample,whenBillClintonbecameAmericanpresidentin1993,Clintonturnintoahouseholdname.Asaresult,manywordswiththeprefixof“Clinton”appeared,suchasClintonian,Clinton-Lingo,Clintonite,Clintonoid,Clintonomics,Clintonizeetc.(ZhaoHongchun[17],201*:71).ThesewordswillmakeChineseabitpuzzledtowholacktheknowledgeofAmericanpoliticalculture.AsforChina,therepresentativeoftheworld’ssocialistcountries,implementingthesystemofPeople’sCongressregime,thepeople’sdemocraticdictatorship,itsgoverningphilosophy,principlesandpoliciesallhavespecialcharacteristics,whichleadtoalotoflexicalgaps.“Duetothediversesocialsystems,thedifferencesintheunderstandingofobjectivethingsandsubjectiveconceptofvalueexistbetweenpeoplewhoarefromtwocompletelydistinctcultures”(DaiWeipingetal201*:31).Sinceitsreformandopeningup,Chinahasbecomeincreasinglyprominentintheworld,andmanynewculturallyloadedwordsareuniquetoChina.Suchas,一國兩制(onecountry,twosystems),四個現(xiàn)代化(fourmodernizations),三個代表(threerepresents),八榮八恥(theeighthonorandeightshameoutlooks),社會主義榮辱觀(socialistconceptofhonoranddisgrace),etc..Ifwesternersdonotunderstandbasicnationalpolicyandcivilizationconstruction,theycannotunderstandtheconnotationof“threerepresents”,whichrepresentthedevelopmenttrendofChina’smostadvancedproductiveforces,theorientationofChina’smostadvancedculture,andthefundamentalinterestsoftheoverwhelmingmajorityof

theChinesepeople.

1.2Economicfactors

Economicactivityisthebasisoflanguageformation.Asacommunicationtool,theintrinsicvalueoflanguageisthatpeopleusealanguagetoexpresssubjectiveideasandobjectivereality.Therefore,justasWangJiakun[13]oncepointedout“thelanguagemustadapttotheeconomicdevelopmenttrends,respondaccordinglytochangesofeconomicactivity.Atthesametime,changesineconomicactivitywillinevitablyleadtochangesinlanguage(201*:37-39).”

Asidefromthat,China’seconomicreformsstartedfromtheruralareasandthenextendedtocities,withtheresultsofreformsgrowingsignificantlyandgraduallyimprovingthelivesoffarmers.Variousclothesindifferentstyleshavebecomeanewscene,alongwiththelargerlivingspacealongwiththeprettyinteriordecoration.Inthisrespect,alotofnewwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicsemerge.Forinstance,農(nóng)村土地承包制(rurallandcontractsystem),小康社會(amoderatelyprosperoussociety),農(nóng)民工(migrantworker),萬元戶(ten-thousand-yuanhousehold),三資企業(yè)(foreign-fundedenterprises),三來一補企業(yè)(enterprisesofthreeimportandcompensationtrade),新型工業(yè)化道路(newpathofindustrialization),拳頭產(chǎn)品(coreproduct),廉租房(low-renthousing),假日經(jīng)濟(holidayeconomy),三沿地區(qū)開放(opening-upofseashore,rivershoreandborderareas),etc..Withthetransformationofstate-ownedenterprisescarryingondeeply,thesocalled“ironricebowl”dosenot“iron”anymore,thenlaid-off,re-employmentarefollowing..Thisphenomenonandnewformofcapitalistcountriesdoesnotexist,sothepublicnooneonthebackgroundofChina"seconomywillfeelstrangetothem.

2.Characteristicsofthenewlexicalgaps

Withthedeepeningofreformandopeningup,manynewvacanciesappearinpolitical,economicandsociallife.AccordingtoProfessorWangRongpei[14](1991:1-8),ChinaEnglish,atermfirstproposedbyGeChuanguiin1980,hasthreetypicalcharacteristics:first,usingathomebytheChinesepeople;second,withstandardEnglishasthecore;third,withChinesecharacteristics.ThisperspectiveoutlinesthecharacteristicsofChinaEnglish,anddescribesthecharacteristicsofthenewvacanciessincereformandopeningup.

2.1Conciseness

Concisenesscanbethemainfeatureofthesenumerousandkeywords.Take一國兩制(onecountry,twosystems)forexample.ThistermsuccinctlysumsuptheprincipleofunificationofChina,whichwasproposedbyDengXiaopingin1980.Thecontentisthatunderthepremiseofadheringtothesocialistcountries,themainsystem,Taiwan,HongKongandMacaomaintainthepreviouscapitalistsystemandwayoflifeunchangedforalongtime.Thisfeaturecanalsobefoundinthefollowingexpressions:三來一補企業(yè)(enterprisesofthreeimportandcompensationtrade),三步走戰(zhàn)略(three-stepdevelopmentstrategy),三農(nóng)問題(issuesofagriculture,farmerandruralarea),四項基本原則(thefourcardinalprinciples),八榮八恥(theeighthonorandeightshameoutlooks),五個統(tǒng)籌要求(fivebalancerequirement),四個現(xiàn)代化(four

modernizations),三講教育(threeemphasiseducation),etc..

2.2Contemporaryfeature

Somewordsmentionedabovehaveadistinctfeatureoftimes,whichreflectvariousstagesofChina’seconomicdevelopmentpoliciesandtheever-changingeconomicenvironment.Forinstance,農(nóng)村土地承包制(rurallandcontractsystem),農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)非(changefromruralresidentstourbanresidents),社會主義新農(nóng)村(socialistnewcountryside).Thesetermshighlyexpressthedevelopmentalguidelinesandpoliciesofruralreformsfromtheearlytothelate.Thisfeaturecanalsobefoundinthefollowingexpressions:三資企業(yè)(foreign-fundedenterprises),西部大開發(fā)(westerndevelopment),經(jīng)濟特區(qū)(specialeconomiczones),etc..

IV.Translationstrategies

1.Generalstrategies

Exchangesbetweendifferentculturesandpenetrationisadynamicprocess.Indifferenthistoricalperiods,understandingandacceptanceofforeignlanguagesandculturesaredifferentlevels,thenitisthetranslationmethod.Whentheculturalneedsatanearlystage,fromothercountriesandpeopleswhodonotknowtheircultureandlanguagecounterparts,becauseofthelargenumberofconceptsandterminologyisverystrange.Atthispointoftime,theapplicationofdomesticationmethodcouldtraceitsrootstoSchleiermacher’s(SeeXuPing[5],201*:32)famousnotionofthe“translationleavesthereaderinpeace,asmuchaspossible,andmovestheauthortowardshimwillreducethestrangenesstotargetreadersandmakesourcetextsmoreacceptable”.AccordingtoLawrenceVanuti(ChenDezhang[2],201*:10),thedomesticationis“atranslationstrategyforatransparent,fluentstyleinordertominimizethestrangenessoftheforeigntextforthereadersofthetranslation.”Forexample,豆腐wasinitiallytranslatedintobeancurd,becausetheyonlyknewthatdoufuwasmadefromsoybeansandsomethinglikecheese.Therearesimilarexamples,功夫wastranslatedasmartialarts,餃子asdumpling.

2.Strategyshifting

Touryoncepointedoutthat“Translationisakindofactivitywhichinevitablyinvolvesatleasttwolanguagesandtwoculturaltraditions”(SeeXuPing,201*:13).Inthisstatement,itindicatesthattranslatorswillfacetheproblemofhowtofindtheequivalentinthetargetlanguageandexpresstheculturalconceptsinasourcetext.Thereforetranslationisthelanguageconversionaswellasculturalexchanges.Culturaldifferencesexistinnature,makingequivalenttranslationbetweendifferentculturesvirtuallyimpossible.Thisalsoprovidesthebasisforforeignizationtranslation.Infact,suchperspectiveisthesameasYangShizhang’sculturaltranslationconcept,anditscontents:“Translationisnotonlyabilingualexchange,itisacross-culturalcommunication,whoseaimistobreakthroughlanguagebarriers,toachieveandpromoteculturalexchanges;theessenceoftranslationistotransmitcross-culturalinformation,istoreproduceoriginal

culturalactivitiesbyusingthetargetlanguage;thethrustoftranslationisculturaltransplantation;otherthantheoperationoftheformoftranslation,theculturalinformationistheobjectofthetranslation”(See[16]YanXiaohuaetal,201*:8-10).Undertheguidanceoftheabovetranslationstrategy,theacceptablestrategytomakeupvacanciesistranslatingChineseintoChinaEnglishinChinese-Englishtranslation.Thisnotonlyretainstheexoticismoforiginallanguage,butalsoenrichesandpromotesthetargetlanguageandculture,eitherthroughtransliterationorthroughcalque.

2.1Transliteration

Transliterationmeansthatwordstranslatedaccordingtotheirpronunciationrepresentoneextremeofforeignizingtranslation(ChenXiaofang[3],201*:43).Ideally,thisisaletterforletterreplacementssothatreversetransliterationintotheoriginalscriptispossible.However,Chineseasnon-alphabeticlanguage,couldonlyretainthesoundofit,inordertokeepaforeignelementofEnglish-likelanguage.Normally,therearenocounterpartsinEnglishtorefertoorexpresssomecultureloadedwords.Newwordscanbecoinedbywayoftransliterationtobridgethegaps.ThenthesenewcoinedwordshavegraduallybeenincorporatedintotheEnglishvocabulary.Forexample,普通話,炕,風(fēng)水,太極,狗不理包子,叩頭,and福娃havebeendirectlyrenderedintoPutonghua,kang,fengshui,taichi,goubulibaozi,koutou,andfuwarespectively.

V.Conclusion

Inshort,thisthesis,suchasgeography,religion,socialvalues,vocabularygapbetweenthegenerallyacceptedreason,anddescribesthepoliticalandeconomicpointofviewofatwordnewtrend.AsChina"sreformandopeningup,politicalandeconomicfactorshavebecomethedominantfactorintheformationofvocabularygap.

Inthisstudyprovidesatranslationofvocabularygapbetweenthefirststepinthenewsituation.Inaddition,furtherresearchshouldconcentrateitseffortsonbuildingacorpusofwordsVacancytoensurethatlarge-scaledetailandquantitativeresearch.

VI.Acknowledgement

Inthisstudy,IWouldliketothankmyinstructorTeacherDing,underherguidanceandcarehavebeencompleted.Fromthepaper"stopic,thesystemdesignprocess,paperstructurestothefinaltext,havebeengotinstructor’scarefulguidanceandhelp.Teacher’sseriousandresponsibleworkattitude,thespiritofrigorousscholarshipanddeeptheoreticallevelmakemegaingreatdeal.Hehasgivenmealotofhelpbothintheoryandinpractice,soIgotalotofimprovement,whichformyfuturestudyandworkisagreathelp.Whatismore,Duringthisstudy,otherstudentsgavemealotofhelpandsupport,weworktogetheronthis.Thankyouverymuch!

VII.References

[1]Bassnett,Susan.1991.TranslationStudies.LondonandNewYork:RoutledgePress.

[2]ChenDezhang.201*.ApproachtoTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese.Beijing:BeijingForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.

[3]ChenXiaofang.201*.AProbeintoEnglishandChineseLexicalGapsandForeignLanguageTeaching,Master"sthesis,FujianNormalUniversity.

[4]PearsonEducationLimited.201*.LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(4thedition).Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.

[5]XuPing.201*LexicalGapsinTranslation,Master’sthesis,ShandongUniversity.

[6]ZhangZhiying&ZhuQinqin.201*.InterculturalCommunicationandTranslationTechniques.Chengdu:SouthwestJiaotongUniversityPress.

[7]Anonymity.201*,October22Chinadaily.RetrievedDecember19,201*,from-10/22/content_7130933.htm

[8]程同春[ChengTongchung],201*,《中國英語中的經(jīng)濟詞匯》,《中國科技翻譯》,5-8。[9]戴衛(wèi)平[DaiWeiping],《英漢文化詞語研究》。北京:科學(xué)出版社。

[10]郭愛先[GuoAixian],1998,《詞匯空缺及其可譯性》,《解放軍外語學(xué)院學(xué)報》,42-44。[11]賈玉新[JiaYuxin],1997,《跨文化交際學(xué)》。上海:上海外語教學(xué)出版社。[12]秦建棟[QinJiandong],1999,《試論詞匯空缺的可譯性》,《鐵道師范學(xué)報》,77-79。

[13]王家鯤[WangJiakun],201*,《經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與社會主導(dǎo)語言的形成》,《開封教育學(xué)院學(xué)報》,37-39。[14]汪榕培[WangRongpei],1991,《中國英語是客觀存在的》,《解放軍外國語學(xué)報》,1-8。[15]袁良平[YuanLiangping],201*,《跨文化交際與中國特色英語》,《浙江樹人大學(xué)學(xué)報》,66-70。[16]宴小花[YanXiaohua],201*,《漢英翻譯的文化空缺及翻譯對策》,《中國譯》,8-10。[17]趙紅春[ZhaoHongchun],201*,《政治氣候?qū)τ⒄Z詞匯的影響》,《赤峰學(xué)院學(xué)報》,71-72。

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